Question
Assalamu alaikum
The business proposal with the financier was thus that he invest in cold room business selling frozen stuff and I’ll be on the working side sharing the profits 50/50.
-So I bought cold room worth k254.000 Zambian kwacha.but K4ooo was returned to him from profits to round it off at k250.000.
-But the company bought cables and other material worth k44.000 at pay slow which was paid by company at pay slow.
-the company has done few more investments amounting to approx – 350.000. From which k115.000 is still a credit to be paid.
– my withdrawals are more for now but the financier will will be given the same soon.
Questions –
1- on what percentage does shares /profits stand because of K44,000 paid by company?
2- financier is requesting to return his initial investment of k250,000.After the return of his money (250,000 plus 50 percent from the later investments)
-does patnership still remain?
-if remains then does the working patner get any salary?
-if I put anyone incharge of my duties at shop. Does his salary come from my share or company expenses?
-as of now.he has transferred his patnership to his son’s without my consent because of his debts he owed to his children. Does partnership remain in that case or nullifies?
-what’s the strategy of I. the working partner has to pay back and becoming the sole owner.how much should I pay him?
-In case of returning his investment. should it be paid all together or it can be paid as pay slow from the time patnership nullifies or I start returning his investment.
Follow up Clarification:
Who provided the working capital when the business started?
Answer: Doesn’t need capital. All on credit and pay back.
Answer
According to the information provided, the partnership model you had initially undertaken was a Mudharabah partnership, wherein one partner provides the finances whilst the other partner is responsible for the running of the business. Profit is shared at an agreed percentage.[1]
Mudharabah demands that the business does not purchase on credit, such quantities of goods for the payment of which, no immediate funds are available to the business. If such a debt is incurred with the consent of the financier, then both partners will become 50% partners in the goods purchased. Accordingly, when the business project started obtained goods on credit without any funds, a second partnership (Shirkat-ul-Wujooh) inadvertently came into being.[2]
As for your queries:
- Due to the lack of working capital in the Mudharabah partnership, this partnership has become obsolete. Only the second partnership has been operating. The capital share for the second partnership is on a 50/50 basis by default. This includes all investments made by the company excluding the initial capital investment of K250,000.[3] The amount of K250,000 initially invested by the financier remains in his absolute ownership.
- If the financier is paid back his initial investment of K250,000 as well as his share of the later investments and his share of any other profits made to date, the working partner will become the sole owner of the entire business.[4]
- The working partner may not take a salary in this partnership arrangement.[5]
- The working partner is entitled to employ someone else to either assist him or do his share of the work and the company shall pay the wages.[6]
- In principle, it is permissible for a partner to transfer or sell his share of such a business to another individual without the consent of other existing partners. If the existing partner is unhappy with such a development, he may opt out of the partnership and request for closure or liquidation.[7]
- In order for you to obtain sole ownership of the business, you may buy out the other partner’s share, as mentioned above.[8]
- Payment terms for the buyout of a partner should be mutually agreed upon, as in any other business transaction.[9]
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Nabeel Valli.
Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah
Lusaka, Zambia
__________________________
[1] حاشية الشلبي على تبيين الحقائق (5/52) مكتبه إمداديه
قَالَ الْإتْقَانِيُّ هِيَ دَفْعُ الْمَالِ إلَى الْغَيْرِ لِيَتَّجِرَ بِهِ عَلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ الرِّبْحُ الْحَاصِلُ فِيهِ بَيْنَهُمَا عَلَى مَا شَرَطَا.
[2] بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (8/35) – دار الكتب العلمية
ثُمَّ الِاسْتِدَانَةُ هِيَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ الْمُضَارِبُ شَيْئًا بِثَمَنِ دَيْنٍ لَيْسَ فِي يَدِهِ مِنْ جِنْسِهِ، حَتَّى إنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي يَدِهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ مِنْ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَالدَّنَانِيرَ، بِأَنْ كَانَ اشْتَرَى بِرَأْسِ الْمَالِ سِلْعَةً، ثُمَّ اشْتَرَى شَيْئًا بِالدَّرَاهِمَ أَوْ الدَّنَانِيرَ، لَمْ يَجُزْ عَلَى الْمُضَارَبَةِ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْتَرَى لَهُ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَنُهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى بِثَمَنٍ لَيْسَ فِي يَدِهِ مِنْ جِنْسِهِ، فَكَانَ مُسْتَدِينًا عَلَى الْمُضَارَبَةِ، فَلَمْ تَجُزْ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ وَجَازَ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الشِّرَاءَ وَجَدَ نَفَاذًا عَلَيْهِ، كَالْوَكِيلِ بِالشِّرَاءِ إذَا خَالَفَ.
وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَ اشْتَرَى بِثَمَنٍ حَالٍّ أَوْ مُؤَجَّلٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا اشْتَرَى بِمَا لَيْسَ فِي يَدِهِ مِنْ جِنْسِهِ صَارَ مُسْتَدِينًا عَلَى الْمُضَارَبَةِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَمْلِكُ ذَلِكَ.
وَلَوْ كَانَ مَا فِي يَدِ الْمُضَارِبِ مِنْ الْعَبْدِ أَوْ الْعَرْضِ يُسَاوِي رَأْسَ الْمَالِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، فَاشْتَرَى شَيْئًا لِلْمُضَارَبَةِ بِالدَّرَاهِمَ وَالدَّنَانِيرَ لِيَبِيعَ الْعَرْضَ وَيُؤَدِّيَ ثَمَنَهُ مِنْهَا، لَمْ يَجُزْ، سَوَاءٌ كَانَ الثَّمَنُ حَالًا أَوْ مُؤَجَّلًا لِمَا ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّهُ اسْتِدَانَةٌ.
بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (8/39) – دار الكتب العلمية
وَإِذَا أَذِنَ لِلْمُضَارِبِ أَنْ يَسْتَدِينَ عَلَى مَالِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ جَازَ لَهُ الِاسْتِدَانَةُ، وَمَا يَسْتَدِينُهُ يَكُونُ شَرِكَةً بَيْنَهُمَا شَرِكَةَ وُجُوهٍ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْتَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ الْمُشْتَرَى بِالدَّيْنِ مُضَارَبَةً؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُضَارَبَةَ لَا تَجُوزُ إلَّا فِي مَالِ عَيْنٍ فَتُجْعَلَ شَرِكَةَ وُجُوهٍ، وَيَكُونَ الْمُشْتَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ؛ لِأَنَّ مُطْلَقَ الشَّرِكَةِ يَقْتَضِي التَّسَاوِيَ.
[3] بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (8/39) – دار الكتب العلمية
وَمَا يَسْتَدِينُهُ يَكُونُ شَرِكَةً بَيْنَهُمَا شَرِكَةَ وُجُوهٍ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْتَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ
[5] الفتاوى الهندية (2/ 356) – قديمي كتب خانه
فِي الْمُنْتَقَى اشْتَرَكَا يَعْمَلَانِ عَلَى أَنَّ لِأَحَدِهِمَا أَجْرَ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ عَشْرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ لَيْسَ مِنْ مَالِ الشَّرِكَةِ فَالشَّرِكَةُ جَائِزَةٌ وَالشَّرْطُ بَاطِلٌ كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ.
[6] درر الحكام في شرح مجلة الأحكام (3/ 356)
الْمَادَّةُ (1364) – (كُلُّ مَا جَازَ مِنْ التَّصَرُّفِ لِلشَّرِيكَيْنِ فِي شَرِكَةِ الْعِنَانِ يَجُوزُ أَيْضًا لِلْمُفَاوِضَيْنِ)
وَذَلِكَ أَوَّلًا: لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ الْمُفَاوِضَيْنِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ مَالَ الشَّرِكَةِ نَقْدًا أَوْ نَسِيئَةً بِثَمَنٍ قَلِيلٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ اُنْظُرْ الْمَادَّةَ (1373) .
ثَانِيًا: لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ الْمُفَاوِضَيْنِ إذَا كَانَ فِي يَدِهِ مَالٌ مِنْ رَأْسِ مَالِ الشَّرِكَةِ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مَالًا نَقْدًا أَوْ نَسِيئَةً. اُنْظُرْ الْمَادَّةَ (1374) .
ثَالِثًا: لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ الْمُفَاوِضَيْنِ أَنْ يُودِعَ وَيَضَعَ مَالَ الشَّرِكَةِ وَأَنْ يُشَارِكَ عَلَيْهِ شَرِكَةَ مُضَارَبَةٍ وَأَنْ يَعْقِدَ عَقْدَ إجَارَةٍ كَأَنْ يَسْتَأْجِرَ حَانُوتًا لِحِفْظِ مَالِ الشَّرِكَةِ وَأَنْ يَسْتَأْجِرَ أَجِيرًا وَأَنْ يُوَكِّلَ آخَرَ فِي أُمُورِ الشَّرِكَةِ وَأَنْ يَبِيعَ وَيَشْتَرِيَ نَقْدًا وَنَسِيئَةً وَأَنْ يَحُطَّ مِنْ الثَّمَنِ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْعَيْبِ اُنْظُرْ الْمَادَّةَ (1379) وَشَرْحَهَا.
كتاب الأصل (4/146) – دار ابن حزم
فله أن يشتري ما بدا له من أصناف التجارات ويبيع بالنقد والنسيئة ويبضعه ويستأجر فيه الأجراء يشترون ويبيعون
[7] بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (7/540) – دار الكتب العلمية
وَأَمَّا صِفَةُ عَقْدِ الشَّرِكَةِ فَهِيَ أَنَّهَا عَقْدٌ جَائِزٌ غَيْرُ لَازِمٍ حَتَّى يَنْفَرِدَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِالْفَسْخِ، إلَّا أَنَّ مِنْ شَرْطِ جَوَازِ الْفَسْخِ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِحَضْرَةِ صَاحِبِهِ، أَيْ بِعِلْمِهِ، حَتَّى لَوْ فُسِخَ بِمَحْضَرٍ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ جَازَ الْفَسْخُ
[8] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (4/ 300) – أيج أيم سعيد
والفرق أن الشركة إذا كانت بينهما من الابتداء، بأن اشتريا حنطة أو ورثاها.
كانت كل حبة مشتركة بينهما فبيع كل منهما نصيبه شائعا جائز من الشريك والأجنبي، بخلاف ما إذا كانت بالخلط أو الاختلاط كان كل حبة مملوكة بجميع أجزائها ليس للآخر فيها شركة، فإذا باع نصيبه من غير الشريك لا يقدر على تسليمه إلا مخلوطا بنصيب الشريك فيتوقف على إذنه، بخلاف بيعه من الشريك للقدرة على التسليم والتسلم. اهـ. فتح وبحر.
[9] مختصر القدوري (ص: 116) – أيج أيم سعيد
ويجوز البيع بثمن حال ومؤجل إذا كان الأجل معلوما