Answered by Shaykh Amjad Rasheed
Is there anything such as the prayer of gratitude in any of the four schools?
In our school, there is no special prayer called “the prayer of gratitude.”
However, if one acquires a blessing and wants to thank Allah by performing the prayer, one may pray two rak’as, intending, for example, “I intend to pray two rak’as for Allah Most High”. One should not say, “I am praying the prayer of gratitude,” for there is no special prayer called “the prayer of gratitude.”
What has been transmitted is the prostration of gratitude which is a single prostration that is recommended at the occurrence of a blessing or the aversion of an affliction.
This prostration is performed outside the prayer and its conditions include having ablution, facing the direction of prayer, clothing nakedness as one does in the prayer.
I am not aware of the other schools’ opinion on this issue.