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Partnership Dispute – Split

Question:

Assalamualaikum

Respected Mufti Saab

I have a question regarding sharing wealth amongst brothers.

We are 2 brothers and both of us where working but leaving together with our parents. My father was also working. After the death of my late father we got his dues from the company he was working for. After couple of months or about a year we thought to invest the money and start our own business. We have 2 sisters aswel. Our both sisters accepted to give they share to both brothers willingly with no pressure on them which now we both hold 50% each. We invested the money in buying a business which does motor vehicle spare parts. My elder brother   Was working for a same nature of business and had vast Experience in the field. We decided that he runs the shop and I myself continue working as it’s a new business and  things will be tough to handle general daily expenses for the house etc. I continued working and supporting the family business and at a certain point we still had a small debt to pay off for the business we bought. I decided to take a loan and pay off for the shop so that the business becomes debt free and from my salary will be paying back the loan.  My brother must have also invested money in the business which must have been his personal money from where he was working before. As time passed by I managed to pay off the loan from my salary and we started saving my salary for future investments as now the shop is doing well to sustain the daily household expenses such as house rent wages and daily food items etc. As years passed by we managed to buy another business of the same nature at a cost of USD 105,000.00 but no initial investment was done as the buyer gave a long term of payment. The shop itself did sales and managed to pay off for the shop.

At this point my elder brother decided that we both split the partnership and make our own ways.

My questions are as below

  1. Does my salary that has been saved also have to be divided?
  2. I have my personal saving money which does not include my salary( income through another sources) does that also have to be divided? But no mutual agreement made on this but The personal money I had the zakaat was paid from the business.

Note: we are leaving together in one house and all expenses are paid from the shop and no salary agreement was made for the labour of my elder brother running the shop.

Please if you can guide accordingly.

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

Your personal salary and savings belong to you. They do not have to be divided in the partnership division.

We advise both parties in reference to amicably resolve their issue by involving senior Ulama and elders. Your blood/brotherly relationship should be given more preference in resolving the issue. [1][2][3]

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Mufti Safwaan Ibn Ml Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim

Darul Iftaa
Limbe, Malawi

Checked and Approved by,

Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

___________________________

 

[1] اللباب في شرح الكتاب (2/ 125) – المكتبة العلمية، بيروتلبنان

وأما شركة العنان فتنعقد على الوكالة دون الكفالة؛ ويصح التفاضل في المال، ويصح أن يتساويا في المال ويتفاضلا في الربح، ويجوز أن يعقدها كل واحدٍ منهما ببعض ماله دون بعضٍ.

  • ———————————•

(وأما شركة العنان فتنعقد على الوكالة) لأنها من ضرويات التصرف (دون الكفالة) لأنها ليست من ضرورياته، وانعقادها في المفاوضة لاقتضاء اللفظ التساوي، بخلاف العنان. (ويصح التفاضل في المال) مع التساوي في الربح لأنها لا تقتضي المساواة (و) كذا (يصح) العكس، وهو: أن (يتساويا في المال ويتفاضلا في الربح) لأن الربح كما يستحق بالمال يستحق بالعمل كما في المضاربة، وقد يكون أحدهما أحذق وأهدى أو أكثر عملا وأقوى فلا يرضى بالمساواة فمست الحاجة إلى التفاضل (ويجوز أن يعقدها كل واحد منهما) : أي شريكي العنان (ببعض ماله دون بعض) ؛ لأن المساواة في المال ليست بشرط فيها

 

[2] فتاوی محمودیہ (23/314) – فاروقیہ

سوال: چند آدمی  مل کر اگر کوئی تجارت کریں ، شرکت عنان کے طور پر اور یہ بھی  باہم رضامندی سے طے کرلیں، کہ ہر شریک کے ذاتی اخراجات مثلا: کھانا، کپڑا ، علاج وغیرہ ، اس مشترکہ تجارت سے پورے کئے جایئں گے، چاہے کسی کے ذاتی اخراجات زیادہ ہوں یا کم ہوں ۔۔۔

جواب:  یہ طریقہ غلط ہے، اس میں جہالت ہے، جو مفضی الی النزاع ہوگی، اس لئے درست نہیں ہے۔

 

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (5/ 648) – دار الفكربيروت

وَمِنْ شُرُوطِهَا: كَوْنُ نَصِيبِ الْمُضَارِبِ مِنْ الرِّبْحِ حَتَّى لَوْ شَرَطَ لَهُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ أَوْ مِنْهُ وَمِنْ الرِّبْحِ فَسَدَتْ، وَفِي الْجَلَّالِيَّةِ كُلُّ شَرْطٍ يُوجِبُ جَهَالَةً فِي الرِّبْحِ أَوْ يَقْطَعُ الشَّرِكَةَ فِيهِ يُفْسِدُهَا، وَإِلَّا بَطَلَ الشَّرْطُ وَصَحَّ الْعَقْدُ اعْتِبَارًا بِالْوَكَالَةِ

  • ———————————•

[رد المحتار]

 (قَوْلُهُ كُلُّ شَرْطٍ إلَخْ) قَالَ الْأَكْمَلُ: شَرْطُ الْعَمَلِ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَالِ يُفْسِدُهَا، وَلَيْسَ بِوَاحِدٍ مِمَّا ذُكِرَ، وَالْجَوَابُ أَنَّ الْكَلَامَ فِي شُرُوطٍ فَاسِدَةٍ بَعْدَ كَوْنِ الْعَقْدِ مُضَارَبَةً، وَمَا أَوْرَدَ لَمْ يَكُنْ الْعَقْدُ فِيهِ عَقْدَ مُضَارَبَةٍ فَإِنْ قُلْت: فَمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ يُفْسِدُهَا إذْ النَّفْيُ يَقْتَضِي الثُّبُوتَ قُلْت: سَلْبُ الشَّيْءِ عَنْ الْمَعْدُومِ صَحِيحٌ كَزَيْدٍ الْمَعْدُومِ لَيْسَ بِبَصِيرٍ،، وَسَيَأْتِي فِي الْمَتْنِ أَنَّهُ مُفْسِدٌ قَالَ الشَّارِحُ لِأَنَّهُ يَمْنَعُ التَّخْلِيَةَ فَيَمْنَعُ الصِّحَّةَ فَالْأَوْلَى الْجَوَابُ بِالْمَنْعِ فَيُقَالُ: لَا نُسَلِّمُ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُفْسِدٍ سَائِحَانِيٌّ (قَوْلُهُ: فِي الرِّبْحِ) كَمَا إذَا شَرَطَ لَهُ نِصْفَ الرِّبْحِ أَوْ ثُلُثَهُ بِأَوْ التَّرْدِيدِيَّةِ س (قَوْلُهُ فِيهِ) كَمَا لَوْ شَرَطَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا دَرَاهِمَ مُسَمَّاةٍ س (قَوْلُهُ بَطَلَ الشَّرْطُ) كَشَرْطِ الْخُسْرَانِ عَلَى الْمُضَارِبِ س.

 

[3] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (4/ 316) – المكتبة العلمية، بيروتلبنان

لِأَنَّ الشَّرِكَةَ لَمَّا فَسَدَتْ صَارَ الْمَالُ مُشْتَرَكًا شَرِكَةَ مِلْكٍ وَالرِّبْحُ فِي شَرِكَةِ الْمِلْكِ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْمَالِ وَسَيَأْتِي فِي الْفَصْلِ أَنَّهَا لَوْ فَسَدَتْ وَكَانَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا فَلِلْآخَرِ أَجْرُ مِثْلِهِ.

 

مجلة الأحكام العدلية (ص: 263) – نور محمد، كارخانه تجارتِ كتب، آرام باغ، كراتشي

الْمَادَّةُ (1368) يُقْسَمُ الرِّبْحُ وَالْفَائِدَةَ فِي الشَّرِكَةِ الْفَاسِدَةِ بِنِسْبَةِ مِقْدَارِ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ , فَإِذَا شُرِطَ رِبْحٌ زَائِدٌ لِأَحَدِ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ فَلَا يُعْتَبَرُ.

 


This answer was collected from DarulIftaaMW.com, which is the official website of Darul Iftaa Malawi, head by Mufti Safwaan Ibrahim.
He completed his Aalimiyyah studies in Darul Uloom Azaadville and further studied his Iftaa course at Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah – both in South Africa.

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