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Can a traveller who was robbed accept zakāt funds if he still has access to his bank account?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Darulfiqh.com

A traveller (musāfir) was robbed whilst travelling and lost the means of his return home.  He has wealth equal to nisaab in his own country.  Can zakāt be given to him if:

a)     He does not have access to his wealth?

b)    He can access his wealth through the bank?

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

The recepients of zakāt have been identified in the Qur῾ān.  Allah Ta῾ālā states:

“Zakat expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [Zakat] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveller – an obligation [imposed] by Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.” (Surah Taubah verse 60)

The verse contains eight types of people:

1) Poor (Fuqaraa’)

2) Needy (Masaakeen):

3) Zakaat collectors (‘Amileen alayha):

4) Those whose hearts are being reconciled (mu’allafah al-quloob):

5) Emanciapting slaves (ar-riqaab)

6) Debtors ( al-gharimeen)

7) Those in the cause of Allah (Fi sabeel Allah)

8 ) Travellers (Ibn as-sabeel)

A traveller is amongst the eight recipients of zakāt.  If a traveller has no access to his wealth whatsoever, it will be permissible for him to receive zakāt funds only to the extent he needs to get back home.[i] However, this is only when he genuinely has no access at all to his money at home whatsoever.  In these times, everyone has easy access to money.  Money can be wired and transferred over instantly.

Having money in your bank account is as good as physically possessing money.[ii] One’s debit or credit card plays the same role as money.  Credit and debit cards can be used across the globe.  Hence, if a musāfir has access to his wealth by the means of a bank, then it will not be permissible for him to accept zakāt funds.

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Mawlana Faraz Ibn Adam,
Student Darul Iftaa

UK

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Husain Kadodia.


[i] وفي الجوهرة النيرة

قَوْلُهُ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فِي وَطَنِهِ وَهُوَ فِي مَكَان آخَرَ لَا شَيْءَ لَهُ فِيهِ) وَلَا يَجِدُ مَنْ يُدِينُهُ فَيُعْطَى مِنْ الزَّكَاةِ لِحَاجَتِهِ وَإِنَّمَا يَأْخُذُ مَا يَكْفِيه إلَى وَطَنِهِ لَا غَيْرُ وَسُمِّيَ ابْنَ السَّبِيلِ لِأَنَّهُ مُلَازِمٌ لِلسَّفَرِ وَالسَّبِيلُ الطَّرِيقُ فَنُسِبَ إلَيْهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مَا يُوَصِّلُهُ إلَى بَلَدِهِ مِنْ زَادٍ وَحُمُولَةٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُعْطَى مِنْ الزَّكَاةِ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُحْتَاجٍ (ص 165 مير محمد كتب خانه

وفي البناية في شرح الهداية

ابن السبيل، هو الذي لا يقدر على ماله في سفره وهو غني (ج 4 ص 188 المكتبة الحقانية

وفي الدرر الحكام في شرح غرر الأحكام

وَابْنُ السَّبِيلِ) هُوَ الْمُسَافِرُ سُمِّيَ بِهِ لِلُزُومِهِ الطَّرِيقَ فَجَازَ لَهُ الْأَخْذُ مِنْ الزَّكَاةِ قَدْرَ حَاجَتِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فِي بَلَدِهِ وَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحَالِ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ (ص 189 مير محمد كتب خانه

[ii] وفي الجوهرة النيرة

لِأَنَّ الْمِلْكَ التَّامَّ هُوَ مَا اجْتَمَعَ فِيهِ الْمِلْكُ وَالْيَدُ (ص 147 مير محمد كتب خانه

This answer was collected from DarulFiqh.com, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Faraz ibn Adam al-Mahmudi, the student of world renowned Mufti Ebrahim Desai (Hafizahullah).

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