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How Is Wudu Valid Whilst Using a Spray Bottle?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Darulfiqh.com

Question:

Can you advise if its possible to do wudhu using a spray bottle, if so is there anything i need to be careful about e.g. Does the water need to drip?  

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

The Answer:

It is permissible to use a spray bottle to perform wuḍū (ablution) as long as the mandatory area of each limb is washed and at least a two drops fall from any portion of the limb as the minimum legal requirement for the validity of wuḍū’. 
A spray bottle for wuḍū should only be used when one is in a condition or situation where he cannot perform wuḍū adhering to the Sunnah guidance and methodology.

The Fiqh (jurisprudence of the answer):

In the Qur’an, Allah The Almighty has commanded us to “wash” (gasl) the limbs.  This is different to Masah (wiping).  One of the differentiating factors is the flowing of water as a result of washing.  Washing necessitates the flow of considerable water.  This flow will manifest by the falling of at least two drops according to the strongest position in the Hanafi school of Fiqh.
Imam Abū Hanīfah and Imam Muḥammad raḥimahumallah were of the opinion that a minimum of two drops must fall for the validity of washing a limb.  This has been deemed as the reliable position of the school by the latter jurists[1].  

And Allah Ta’ālā Alone Knows Best
Mufti Faraz Adam 
www.darulfiqh.com
 
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[1]  فَلَا بُدَّ مِنْ مَعْرِفَةِ مَعْنَى الْغَسْلِ وَالْمَسْحِ فَالْغَسْلُ هُوَ إسَالَةُ الْمَائِعِ عَلَى الْمَحَلِّ، وَالْمَسْحُ هُوَ الْإِصَابَةُ، حَتَّى لَوْ غَسَلَ أَعْضَاءَ وُضُوئِهِ، وَلَمْ يُسِلْ الْمَاءَ، بِأَنْ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ مِثْلَ الدُّهْنِ، لَمْ يَجُزْ فِي ظَاهِرِ الرِّوَايَةِ.

وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ وَعَلَى هَذَا قَالُوا: لَوْ تَوَضَّأَ بِالثَّلْجِ، وَلَمْ يَقْطُرْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ لَا يَجُوزُ، وَلَوْ قَطَرَ قَطْرَتَانِ، أَوْ ثَلَاثٌ، جَازَ لِوُجُودِ الْإِسَالَةِ، وَسُئِلَ الْفَقِيهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْهِنْدُوَانِيُّ عَنْ التَّوَضُّؤِ بِالثَّلْجِ، فَقَالَ: ذَلِكَ مَسْحٌ، وَلَيْسَ بِغَسْلٍ، فَإِنْ عَالَجَهُ حَتَّى يَسِيلَ يَجُوزُ وَعَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُتَوَضِّئِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ أَنْ يَبُلَّ أَعْضَاءَهُ شِبْهَ الدُّهْنِ، ثُمَّ يُسِيلَ الْمَاءَ عَلَيْهَا؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَاءَ يَتَجَافَى عَنْ الْأَعْضَاءِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ. (بدائع الصنائع ج 1 ص 3 ط دار الكتب)

وأقله قطرتان في الأصح ولا تكفي الإسالة بدون التقاطر (مراقي الفلاح ص 28 ط المكتبة العصرية)

وَفِي الْفَيْضِ أَقَلُّهُ قَطْرَتَانِ فِي الْأَصَحِّ (الدر المختار ج 1 ص 96 ط السعيد)

الْأَوَّلُ: غَسْلُ الْوَجْهِ الْغُسْلُ: هُوَ الْإِسَالَةُ وَالْمَسْحُ هُوَ الْإِصَابَةُ. كَذَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ.

وَفِي شَرْحِ الطَّحَاوِيِّ أَنَّ تَسْيِيلَ الْمَاءِ شَرْطٌ فِي الْوُضُوءِ فِي ظَاهِرِ الرِّوَايَةِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ الْوُضُوءُ مَا لَمْ يَتَقَاطَرْ الْمَاءُ، وَعَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ – أَنَّ التَّقَاطُرَ لَيْسَ بِشَرْطٍ فَفِي مَسْأَلَةِ الثَّلْجِ إذَا تَوَضَّأَ بِهِ إنْ قَطَرَ قَطْرَتَانِ فَصَاعِدًا يَجُوزُ إجْمَاعًا وَإِنْ كَانَ بِخِلَافِهِ فَهُوَ عَلَى قَوْلِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَمُحَمَّدٍ – رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – لَا يَجُوزُ، وَعَلَى قَوْلِ أَبِي يُوسُفَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – يَجُوزُ كَذَا فِي الذَّخِيرَةِ

وَالصَّحِيحُ قَوْلُهُمَا. كَذَا فِي الْمُضْمَرَاتِ (الهندية ج 1 ص 3 ط الرشيدية)

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