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Worship with Tooth Fillings

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Qibla.com

Answered by Shaykh Faraz Rabbani

Is it true that someone has to follow another madhab if someone has a filling– with regards to salat, wudu and ghusl?

Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

“Allah desires for you ease; He desires not hardship for you; and (He desires) that you should complete the period, and that you should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that you may be thankful.”

[Qur’an, 2.185]

In the Name of Allah, Most Merciful and Compassionate

Walaikum assalam,

It is not true that the purification or prayer of someone with fillings are in Question in the Hanafi school.

Rather, the wudu and ghusl of someone with fillings are valid without doubt in the Hanafi school, notwithstanding the general rule that the mouth must be washed in ghusl.

This is indicated by the transmitted position of Imam Abu Hanifa and his students and the texts of the top scholars of the Hanafi school.

This has been explicitly confirmed by the top Hanafi scholars of both India (including the great Imam Ahmad Rida Khan (Allah have mercy on him) and Imam Ashraf Ali al-Tahanawi (Allah have mercy on him)), and elsewhere (including Allama Adib al-Kallas).

How?

1. It is established from Imam Abu Hanifa and his top students (Allah have mercy on them) themselves that it is permitted to use fillings (though not of gold according to the Imam) when there is need for them. [Tahawi, Sharh Ma`ani al-Athar, 4.257; Kasani, Bada’i` al-Sana’i` 5.132; Marghinani, al-Hidaya; al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya, 5.336; Haskafi/Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar `ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar, 5.231]]

2. It has been established that in certain cases of absolute, excessive hardship or non-possibility it is permitted to leave washing some part of the limbs in wudu and ghusl. [Halabi, Sharh Munyat al-Musalli al-Kabir; al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya; Haskafi/Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar `ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar]

3. Given this, and given that the filling is considered to be effectively a fixed part of the tooth, the top fuqaha have confirmed in their legal verdicts that which is understood from the permissibility of fillings: the wudu and ghusl of those who have fillings is valid without doubt. [Otherwise, imagine how bizarre it would be to affirm that, ‘It is permitted for you to use fillings. However, your worship will no longer be valid.’]

Among those who discussed this are two great fuqaha of the Indian Subcontinent:

         Imam Ahmad Rida Khan (Allah have mercy on him) in his Fatawa Ridawiyya (1.452-453) and

         Imam Ashraf Ali al-Tahanawi (Allah have mercy on him) in his Imdad al-Fatawa (1.19-20), both mentioning the above reasoning.

And Allah alone gives success.

Wassalam,
Faraz Rabbani.

 

في الهندية: 5:336 قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ – رحمه الله تعالى – فِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ وَلَا يَشُدُّ الْأَسْنَانَ بِالذَّهَبِ وَيَشُدُّهَا بِالْفِضَّةِ يُرِيدُ بِهِ إذَا تَحَرَّكَتْ الْأَسْنَانُ وَخِيفَ سُقُوطُهَا فَأَرَادَ صَاحِبُهَا أَنْ يَشُدَّهَا يَشُدُّهَا بِالْفِضَّةِ , وَلَا يَشُدُّهَا بِالذَّهَبِ , وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ – رحمه الله تعالى – وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ – رحمه الله تعالى – يَشُدُّهَا بِالذَّهَبِ أَيْضًا , وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ قَوْلَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ – رحمه الله تعالى – قِيلَ : هُوَ مَعَ مُحَمَّدٍ – رحمه الله تعالى – وَقِيلَ : هُوَ مَعَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ – رحمه الله تعالى – وَذَكَرَ الْحَاكِمُ فِي الْمُنْتَقَى لَوْ تَحَرَّكَتْ سِنُّ رَجُلٍ وَخَافَ سُقُوطُهَا فَشَدَّهَا بِالذَّهَبِ أَوْ بِالْفِضَّةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ – رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – وَرَوَى الْحَسَنُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ – رحمه الله تعالى – أَنَّهُ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ السِّنِّ وَالْأَنْفِ فَقَالَ فِي السِّنِّ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَشُدَّهَا بِالذَّهَبِ , وَفِي الْأَنْفِ كُرِهَ ذَلِكَ , كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ . وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ – رحمه الله تعالى – لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُعِيدَ سِنَّ نَفْسِهِ وَأَنْ يَشُدَّهَا , وَإِنْ كَانَ سِنَّ غَيْرِهِ يُكْرَهُ ذَلِكَ , كَذَا فِي السِّرَاجِ الْوَهَّاجِ . قَالَ بِشْرٌ قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ – رحمه الله تعالى – فِي مَجْلِسٍ آخَرَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ – رحمه الله تعالى – عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ يَرَ بِإِعَادَتِهَا بَأْسًا , كَذَا فِي الذَّخِيرَةِ .   قال في الدر المختار: ( وَلَا يَشُدُّ سِنَّهُ )  الْمُتَحَرِّكَ ( بِذَهَبٍ بَلْ بِفِضَّةٍ ) وَجَوَّزَهُمَا مُحَمَّدٌ ( وَيَتَّخِذُ أَنْفًا مِنْهُ ) لِأَنَّ الْفِضَّةَ تُنْتِنُهُ   في رد المحتار:  ( قَوْلُهُ وَجَوَّزَهُمَا مُحَمَّدٌ ) أَيْ جَوَّزَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ أَيْ جَوَّزَ الشَّدَّ بِهِمَا وَأَمَّا أَبُو يُوسُفَ فَقِيلَ مَعَهُ وَقِيلَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ ( قَوْلُهُ لِأَنَّ الْفِضَّةَ تُنْتِنُهُ ) الْأَوْلَى تُنْتِنُ بِلَا ضَمِيرٍ وَأَشَارَ إلَى الْفَرْقِ لِلْإِمَامِ بَيْنَ شَدِّ السِّنِّ , وَاِتِّخَاذِ الْأَنْفِ فَجَوَّزَ الْأَنْفَ مِنْ الذَّهَبِ لِضَرُورَةِ نَتَنِ الْفِضَّةِ لِأَنَّ الْمُحَرَّمَ لَا يُبَاحُ إلَّا لِضَرُورَةٍ وَقَدْ انْدَفَعَتْ فِي السِّنِّ بِالْفِضَّةِ فَلَا حَاجَةَ إلَى الْأَعْلَى وَهُوَ الذَّهَبُ . قَالَ الأتقاني : وَلِقَائِلٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ مُسَاعَدَةً لِمُحَمَّدٍ لَا نُسَلِّمُ أَنَّهَا فِي السِّنِّ تَرْتَفِعُ بِالْفِضَّةِ لِأَنَّهَا تُنْتِنُ أَيْضًا وَأَصْلُ ذَلِكَ مَا رَوَى الطَّحَاوِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إلَى { عَرْفَجَةَ بْنِ أَسَعْدَ أَنَّهُ أُصِيبَ أَنْفُهُ يَوْمَ الْكُلَابِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَاِتَّخَذَ أَنْفًا مِنْ وَرِقٍ فَأَنْتَنَ عَلَيْهِ , فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ أَنْفًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ , فَفَعَلَ } , وَالْكُلَابُ بِالضَّمِّ وَالتَّخْفِيفِ : اسْمُ وَادٍ كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَقْعَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ لِلْعَرَبِ هَذَا وَظَاهِرُ كَلَامِهِ جَوَازُ الْأَنْفِ مِنْهُمَا اتِّفَاقًا , وَبِهِ صَرَّحَ الْإِمَامُ الْبَزْدَوِيُّ وَذَكَرَ الْإِمَامُ الْإِسْبِيجَابِيُّ أَنَّهُ عَلَى الِاخْتِلَافِ أَيْضًا . وَفِي التَّتَارْخَانِيَّة وَعَلَى هَذَا الِاخْتِلَافِ إذَا جُدِعَ أَنْفَهُ أَوْ أُذُنُهُ أَوْ سَقَطَ سِنُّهُ , فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ سِنًّا آخَرَ فَعِنْدَ الْإِمَامِ يَتَّخِذُ وَذَلِكَ مِنْ الْفِضَّةِ فَقَطْ , وَعِنْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ الذَّهَبِ أَيْضًا ا هـ , وَأَنْكَرَ الأتقاني ثُبُوتَ الِاخْتِلَافِ فِي الْأَنْفِ بِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُذْكَرْ فِي كُتُبِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَالْكَرْخِيِّ وَالطَّحَاوِيِّ , وَبِأَنَّهُ يَلْزَمُ عَلَيْهِ مُخَالَفَةُ الْإِمَامِ لِلنَّصِّ وَنَازَعَهُ الْمَقْدِسِيَّ بِأَنَّ الْإِسْبِيجَابِيَّ حُجَّةٌ فِي النَّقْلِ , وَبِأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ قَابِلٌ لِلتَّأْوِيلِ , وَاحْتِمَالِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ خُصُوصِيَّةٌ لِعَرْفَجَةَ كَمَا خَصَّ عليه الصلاة والسلام الزُّبَيْرَ وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بِلُبْسِ الْحَرِيرِ لِحَكَّةٍ فِي جَسَدِهِمَا , كَمَا فِي التَّبْيِينِ أَقُولُ : يُمْكِنُ التَّوْفِيقُ بِأَنَّ مَا ذَكَرَهُ الْإِسْبِيجَابِيُّ رِوَايَةٌ شَاذَّةٌ عَنْ الْإِمَامِ فَلِذَا لَمْ تُذْكَرْ فِي كُتُبِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَالْكَرْخِيِّ وَالطَّحَاوِيِّ وَاَللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ

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