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Question about my financial responsibility when I marry

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Fatwa.ca

Question:

I am planning on getting married; however, I have a question about my financial responsibility if I marry. Does the financial responsibility include only food, clothing and housing, or does it also include buying things for the wife that are known to be possessed by all other women whose husbands have the same financial situation as I? By that I mean common things all women have like a phone, hair products, etc. Are those type of things also included if they are owned by women in families with my same financial situation?

Thank you in advanced.

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

Your question pertains to the husband’s financial responsibility to his wife. When approaching this topic and other topics having to do with the rights of others, one should keep in mind the difference between what is obligated and what is recommended. Merely doing what is obligated saves you from punishment but doing what is recommended is greater in reward and closer to the Sunnah.

What is obligated on the husband is the wife’s food, clothing, housing, and providing necessary amenities. Allah ta`āla states:

أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنتُم مِّن وُجْدِكُمْ وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ

Provide them residence from where you reside according to your means, and do not hurt them to constrain (life) for them. (al-Ṭalāq 6)

لِيُنفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِّن سَعَتِهِ ۖ وَمَن قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنفِقْ مِمَّا آتَاهُ اللَّهُ ۚ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آتَاهَا ۚ سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا ‎ – الطلاق 8

A man of vast means should spend according to his vast means. And anyone whose sustenance is limited should spend from whatever Allah has given to him. Allah makes no one liable beyond what He has given to him. Allah will soon bring ease after a difficulty. (al-Ṭalāq 8)

One of the female Companions came to the Prophet ﷺ complaining of her husband for not spending sufficiently on her. He ﷺ advised her to take what is sufficient to fulfill her needs.[1]

A woman is owed her living expenses, necessary clothing, and boarding according to his means and the life she was used to before marriage. Those who are well-off tend to have greater expenses than those who are not. If both husband and wife are well-off, he will spend according to their condition. If the two are not, he can spend less. If one is well-off and the other not, he will spend in between accordingly. A well-to-do husband should spend more freely even if his wife is used to less. A woman who comes from a well-to-do background should accommodate her husband if he makes less than she is accustomed to.

The husband is obligated to spend that which is not extravagant nor stingy. This will naturally vary by time, place, and local culture. For example, in the case of clothing, she is entitled to that which will suffice her and keep her comfortable within the different seasons. For example, light clothing for the summer and heavier clothing for the winter. He should replace her clothes as needed and as befitting their financial means.

If it is within the means of the husband, he is also obligated to provide her with those amenities which are necessary for her in taking care of herself, the home, and members of the household according to their means. This may include personal needs, e.g., soap and shampoo, and items for completing chores, e.g., laundry bucket or Clothes washer etc. Similarly, cellphone and similar items, if needed to fulfil a genuine need can be fulfilled through a mobile phone, but not necessarily a smart phone. The realities and situations may differ and would affect the answer accordingly.

The Sharī`ah does not stipulate exactly the items required as that varies according to time, place and culture. Whatever is beyond a necessity and considered a luxury is not obligated on the husband. It will be as a gift from him. If unclear as to what is necessary, one should consult local scholars and elders familiar with their locality.[2]

Lastly, do not mistake what is obligatory for what is better. Allah ta`āla also states:

وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ

Live with them (your wives) in kindness. (al-Nisā 19)

Similarly, the example of the Prophet ﷺ was to be kind and helpful to his wives, giving them more than he was obligated to. Going beyond the obligatory increases love and gratitude. Both husband and wife should strive for this.

And Allah taʿāla knows best

Maulana Mateen Khan
New Jersey, USA

Checked and approved by:
Mufti Faisal bin Abdul Hameed al-Mahmudi
www.fatwa.ca

[1] صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل أبو عبدالله البخاري الجعفي، حديث 2211
حدثنا أبو نعيم، حدثنا سفيان، عن هشام، عن عروة، عن عائشة رضي الله عنها: قالت هند أم معاوية لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن أبا سفيان رجل شحيح، فهل علي جناح أن آخذ من ماله سرا؟ قال: «خذي أنت وبنوك ما يكفيك بالمعروف»

[2] شرح مجمع البحرين وملتقى النيرين، ابن الساعاتي، دار الفلاح، ص 452-456

مجمع الأنهر في شرح ملتقى الأبحر، عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن سليمان، دار إحياء التراث العربي (الشاملة)
وفي البحر ينبغي للقاضي إذا أراد فرض النفقة أن ينظر في سعر البلد وينظر ما يكفيها بحسب عرف تلك البلدة ويقوم الأصناف بالدراهم ثم يقدر بالدراهم.

وفي الاختيار وليس فيها تقدير لازم لاختلاف ذلك باختلاف الأوقات والطباع والرخص والغلاء (1:486)

(ويعتبر في ذلك) أي في فرض النفقة (حالهما) أي الزوجين في اليسار والإعسار وهو اختيار الخصاف وعليه الفتوى كما في الهداية (ففي الموسرين) من الزوجين يعتبر (حال اليسار) ككسوتهم واليسار اسم من الإيسار، وهو الاستغناء (وفي المعسرين) يعتبر (حال الإعسار) أي الافتقار (وفي المختلفين) بأن يكون الزوج موسرا والزوجة معسرة أو بالعكس يعتبر (بين ذلك) أي نفقة الوسط دون نفقة الموسرين وفوق المعسرين والمستحب أن يطعمها الزوج ما يأكله؛ لأنه مأمور بحسن المعاشرة

ثم قال: وإنما أكثرنا من هذه المسائل تنبيها للأزواج لما نراه في زماننا من تقصيرهم في حقوقهن حتى أنه يأمرها بفرش أمتعتها جبرا عليها، وكذلك لأضيافه وبعضهم لا يعطي لها كسوة حتى كانت عند الدخول غنية ثم صارت فقيرة، وهذا كله حرام (1:488)

الجوهرة النيرة، أبو بكر بن علي بن محمد الزَّبِيدِيّ، المطبعة الخيرية (الشاملة)، 2:86
(قوله ويفرض على الزوج إذا كان موسرا نفقة خادمها) ؛ لأن عليه أن يقيم من يصلح طعامها وشرابها وأما شرطه في ذلك كونه موسرا

الهداية في شرح بداية المبتدي، علي بن أبي بكر بن عبد الجليل الفرغاني المرغيناني، دار احياء التراث العربي (الشاملة)، 2:287
قال: ” وتفرض على الزوج النفقة إذا كان موسرا ونفقة خادمها ” والمراد بهذا بيان نفقة الخادم ولهذا ذكر في بعض النسخ وتفرض على الزوج إذا كان موسرا نفقة خادمها ووجهه أن كفايتها واجبة عليه وهذا من تمامها إذ لا بد لها منه.

الفتاوى الهندية، دار الفكر (الشاملة)، 1:549
والنفقة الواجبة المأكول والملبوس والسكنى أما المأكول فالدقيق والماء والملح والحطب والدهن كذا في التتارخانية وكما يفرض لها قدر الكفاية من الطعام كذلك من الآدام كذا في فتح القدير ويجب لها ما تنظف به وتزيل الوسخ كالمشط والدهن، وما تغسل به من السدر والخطمي، وما تزيل به الدرن كالأشنان والصابون على عادة أهل البلد، وأما ما يقصد به التلذذ والاستمتاع مثل الخضاب والكحل فلا يلزمه بل هو على اختياره إن شاء هيأه لها، وإن شاء تركه، فإذا هيأه لها فعليها استعماله

فتاوی دار العلوم دیوبند، مفتی عزیز الرحمن عثمانی، نفقہ کی مقدار، ۱۱:۱۴۰

فتاوی دار العلوم زکریہ، زمزم پبلشرز، ۴:۳۷۵

This answer was collected from Fatwa.ca, which is a fatwa portal operated by Mufti Faisal al Mahmudi from Canada. 

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