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Developing safety case studies to prevent fire in an alcohol distillery

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

As-salamu alaykum A friend of mine in England have been asked by a non Muslim colleague to provide consultancy services in the field of health, safety & environment (specifically process/technical safety). The specific nature of the work would be to develop safety case studies to prevent fire and explosion to avoid loss of human life/ fatal injuries to the workforce in an industrial environment. My question is can he provide consultancy service to a company which will use/store flammable substances which can potentially harm its workforce but the company happens to be a distillery making alcohol? He has decided not to charge his colleague for his services. Jazakullahkhair Abdur Rehman

Answer

In the Name of Allaah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salaamu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullaahi wa-barakaatuh.

It is permissible to develop safety case studies to prevent fire and explosion at an industrial site. However, as Muslims, we are averse to alcohol. Therefore, the technical safety service rendered specifically at the alcohol plant is against the spirit and ethos of Islaam. We advise against providing the technical safety services at the alcohol plant[1].

And Allaah Ta’aala Knows Best.

Muajul I. Chowdhury

Student, Darul Iftaa

Astoria, New York, USA

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

_______


[1] المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (7/ 482)

ولو استأجر الذمي مسلماً ليبني له بيعة أو كنيسة جاز، ويطيب  له الأجر.

 

فتاوى قاضيخان (3/ 261)

ولو أن مسلما آجر نفسه ليعمل في الكنيسة ويعمرها لا بأس به لأنه لا معصية في عين العمل

 

حاشية ابن عابدين (6/ 391)

(قوله وجاز تعمير كنيسة) قال في الخانية: ولو آجر نفسه ليعمل في الكنيسة ويعمرها لا بأس به لأنه لا معصية في عين العمل…..

قَالَ الزَّيْلَعِيُّ: وَهَذَا عِنْدَهُ وَقَالَا هُوَ مَكْرُوهٌ لِأَنَّهُ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – «لَعَنَ فِي الْخَمْرِ عَشَرَةً وَعَدَّ مِنْهَا حَامِلَهَا» وَلَهُ أَنَّ الْإِجَارَةَ عَلَى الْحَمْلِ وَهُوَ لَيْسَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ، وَلَا سَبَبَ لَهَا وَإِنَّمَا تَحْصُلُ الْمَعْصِيَةُ بِفِعْلِ فَاعِلٍ مُخْتَارٍ، وَلَيْسَ الشُّرْبُ مِنْ ضَرُورَاتِ الْحَمْلِ، لِأَنَّ حَمْلَهَا قَدْ يَكُونُ لِلْإِرَاقَةِ أَوْ لِلتَّخْلِيلِ، فَصَارَ كَمَا إذَا اسْتَأْجَرَهُ لِعَصْرِ الْعِنَبِ أَوْ قَطْعِهِ وَالْحَدِيثُ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى الْحَمْلِ الْمَقْرُونِ بِقَصْدِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ اهـ زَادَ فِي النِّهَايَةِ وَهَذَا قِيَاسٌ وَقَوْلُهُمَا اسْتِحْسَانٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الزَّيْلَعِيُّ: وَعَلَى هَذَا الْخِلَافِ لَوْ آجَرَهُ دَابَّةً لِيَنْقُلَ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرَ أَوْ آجَرَهُ نَفْسَهُ لِيَرْعَى لَهُ الْخَنَازِيرَ يَطِيبُ لَهُ الْأَجْرُ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُمَا يُكْرَهُ.

 

البناية شرح الهداية (12/ 222)

قال: ومن حمل لذمي خمرا، فإنه يطيب له الأجر عند أبي حنيفة – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -، وقال أبو يوسف ومحمد -رحمهما الله-: يكره له ذلك، لأنه إعانة على

المعصية، وقد صح أن النبي – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ -: {لعن في الخمر عشرا: حاملها، والمحمول إليه}….

وله: أن المعصية في شربها وهو فعل فاعل مختار، وليس الشرب من ضرورات الحمل ولا يقصد به. والحديث محمول على الحمل المقرون بقصد المعصية.

 

الاختيار لتعليل المختار (4/ 173)

وعلى هذا الخلاف إذا آجر بيتا ليتخذه بيت نار أو بيعة أو كنيسة في السواد . لهما أنه أعانه على المعصية ، وله أن العقد ورد على منفعة البيت حتى وجبت الأجرة بالتسليم وليس بمعصية ، والمعصية فعل المستأجر وهو مختار في ذلك.

 

الفتاوى الهندية (4/ 449)

إذَا اسْتَأْجَرَ رَجُلًا لِيَحْمِلَ له خَمْرًا فَلَهُ الْأَجْرُ في قَوْلِ أبي حَنِيفَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وقال أبو يُوسُفَ وَمُحَمَّدٌ رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَا أَجْرَ له وإذا اسْتَأْجَرَ ذِمِّيٌّ مُسْلِمًا لِيَحْمِلَ له خَمْرًا ولم يَقُلْ لِيَشْرَبَ أو قال لِيَشْرَبَ جَازَتْ له الْإِجَارَةُ في قَوْلِ أبي حَنِيفَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى خِلَافًا لَهُمَا وإذا اسْتَأْجَرَ الذِّمِّيُّ ذِمِّيًّا لِيَنْقُلَ الْخَمْرَ جَازَ عِنْدَهُمْ لِأَنَّ الْخَمْرَ عِنْدَهُمْ كَالْخَلِّ عِنْدَنَا كَذَا في الْمُحِيطِ إذَا اسْتَأْجَرَ ذِمِّيٌّ دَابَّةً من مُسْلِمٍ أو سَفِينَةً لِيَنْقُلَ عليها الْخَمْرَ جَازَ في قَوْلِ أبي حَنِيفَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وقال صَاحِبَاهُ لَا يَجُوزُ وَلَوْ اسْتَأْجَرَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مُسْلِمًا لِيَحْمِلَ مَيِّتًا منهم إلَى مَوْضِعٍ يُدْفَنُ فيه إنْ اسْتَأْجَرُوهُ لِيَنْقُلَهُ إلَى مَقْبَرَةِ الْبَلْدَةِ جَازَ عِنْدَ الْكُلِّ وَإِنْ اسْتَأْجَرُوهُ لِيَنْقُلَ من بَلَدٍ إلَى بَلَدٍ قال مُحَمَّدٌ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إنَّهُ إنْ لم يَعْلَمْ الْحَمَّالُ أَنَّهُ جِيفَةٌ فَلَهُ الْأَجْرُ وَإِنْ عَلِمَ فَلَا أَجْرَ له وَعَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى هَكَذَا في فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانَ إذَا اسْتَأْجَرَ الذِّمِّيُّ من الْمُسْلِمِ بَيْتًا لِيَبِيعَ فيه الْخَمْرَ جَازَ عِنْدَ أبي حَنِيفَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى خِلَافًا لَهُمَا كَذَا في الْمُضْمَرَاتِ وَلَوْ اسْتَأْجَرَ الذِّمِّيُّ من ذِمِّيٍّ بَيْتًا يَبِيعُ فيه الْخَمْرَ جَازَ عِنْدَهُمْ جميعا.

 

تفصيل الكلام في مسألة الإعانة على الحرام (ص 13)

 أن المدارَ على النيّة، وأنه بنيّة الإعانة على المعصية حرام، وبدونه لا.

 

محمود الفتاوی (5/ 469)

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