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Written Talaaq

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

Scenario:

Woman A entered into nikah with Man A

After some years, Woman A and Man A divorced through Talaaq

Woman A sat her iddat period accordingly

Woman A them met Man B

At the time of their meeting, Man B was already married to Woman B

After some time of a relationship, Man B and Woman A made Nikah

Woman B knew nothing of this Nikah between her Husband Man B and Woman A

Later, Woman B found out about this Nikah between her Husband Man B and Woman A

According to what Man B told Woman A, Woman B on learning about the Nikah between her Husband Man B and Woman A, got upset and called home some people (either elders or Ulema – unclear)

They all had a meeting with Woman A not there

At that meeting, Man B was convinced to sign or write down three Talaaqs intended for Woman A

Man B called Woman A and said that under duress from his wife Woman B and the people present at the meeting, he had to write “it” down on a paper and that somebody would deliver “it” to Woman A in due course.

Man B just referred to “it” when speaking to Woman A and he did not make mention of “Talaaq” or “divorce”

After some time, Woman A’s daughter (who she had with Man A) told her some person or persons came home (Woman A’s house) with some document and that the person or persons needed to hand the document to Woman A personally.

Woman A was not home at the time and as such the person or persons left without leaving the document with Woman A’s daughter.

The person or persons did not disclose the contents of the document to Woman A’s daughter. He or they just said he or they will be back.

Woman A came home and her daughter told her that some person or persons came home to give her a document, but left again and took the document with.

Neither Woman A nor her daughter are sure as to the contents of the document.

Up till now, Man B did not at any stage say the words “Talaaq” or “divorce” to Woman A.

Questions:

What is the status of Woman A nikah with Man B?

Any further advice or suggestions please

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

You mentioned that during the meeting with the elders of the family the husband (man B) wrote 3 three Talaaqs intending his wife (woman A). If this was the case, then a permanently irrevocable divorce will take place and she is no longer his wife.

The talāq took place as soon as the husband wrote the three talāqs. The validity of the talāq is not dependant on the wife personally receiving the talāq.[1]

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Saleem Khan

Student Darul Iftaa
Bradford, UK

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

www.daruliftaa.net


[1] يجب أن يعلم بأن الكتابة نوعان: مرسومة وغير مرسومة.

فالمرسومة: أن تكتب على صحيفة مصدراً ومعنوناً وإنها على وجهين:

الأول: أن تكتب هذا كتاب فلان بن فلان إلى فلانة أما بعد: فأنت طالق. وفي هذا الوجه يقع الطلاق عليها في الحال.

وإن قال: لم أعنِ به الطلاق لم يصدق في الحكم، وهذا لأن الكتابة المرسومة بمنزلة المقال.

ولو قال لها: يا فلانة أنت طالق ولم يذكر شرطاً يقع الطلاق عليها في الحال. وإذا قال لم أنو الطلاق لم يصدق في الحكم كذا ههنا.

(المحيط البرهاني ج 4 ص 484 )

وان كتب كتابة مرسومة على طريق الخطاب والرسالة مثل ان يكتب أما بعد يا فلانة فأنت طالق أو إذا وصل كتابي اليك فأنت طالق يقع به الطلاق ولو قال ما أردت به الطلاق أصلا لا يصدق الا ان يقول نويت طلاقا من وثاق فيصدق فيما بينه وبين الله عز وجل لان الكتابة المرسومة جارية مجرى الخطاب ألا ترى ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يبلغ بالخطاب مرة وبالكتاب أخرى وبالرسول ثالثا وكان التبليغ بالكتاب والرسول كالتبليغ بالخطاب فدل ان الكتابة المرسومة بمنزلة الخطاب فصار كانه خاطبها بالطلاق عند الحضرة فقال لها أنت طالق أو أرسل إليها رسولا بالطلاق عند الغيبة فإذا قال ما أردت به الطلاق فقد أراد صرف الكلام عن ظاهره فلا يصدق ثم ان كتب على الوجه المرسوم ولم يعلقه بشرط بان كتب أما بعد يا فلانة فأنت وقع الطلاق عقيب كتابة لفظ الطلاق بلا فصل لما ذكرنا ان كتابة قوله أنت طالق على

طريق المخاطبة بمنزلة التلفظ بها وان علقه بشرط الوصول إليها بان كتب إذا وصل كتابي اليك فأنت طالق لا يقع الطلاق حتى يصل إليه

)بدائع الصنائع ج 4 ص 243 (

الفتاؤى الهندية ج 1 ص 378 .

مَطْلَبٌ فِي الطَّلَاقِ بِالْكِتَابَةِ ( قَوْلُهُ كَتَبَ الطَّلَاقَ إلَخْ ) قَالَ فِي الْهِنْدِيَّةِ : الْكِتَابَةُ عَلَى نَوْعَيْنِ : مَرْسُومَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مَرْسُومَةٍ ، وَنَعْنِي بِالْمَرْسُومَةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُصَدَّرًا وَمُعَنْوَنًا مِثْلُ مَا يُكْتَبُ إلَى الْغَائِبِ .وَغَيْرُ الْمَرْسُومَةِ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مُصَدَّرًا وَمُعَنْوَنًا ، وَهُوَ عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ : مُسْتَبِينَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُسْتَبِينَةٍ ، فَالْمُسْتَبِينَةُ مَا يُكْتَبُ عَلَى الصَّحِيفَةِ وَالْحَائِطِ وَالْأَرْضِ عَلَى وَجْهٍ يُمْكِنُ فَهْمُهُ وَقِرَاءَتُهُ .وَغَيْرُ الْمُسْتَبِينَةِ مَا يُكْتَبُ عَلَى الْهَوَاءِ وَالْمَاءِ وَشَيْءٌ لَا يُمْكِنُهُ فَهْمُهُ وَقِرَاءَتُهُ .فَفِي غَيْرِ الْمُسْتَبِينَةِ لَا يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ وَإِنْ نَوَى ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُسْتَبِينَةً لَكِنَّهَا غَيْرَ مَرْسُومَةٍ إنْ نَوَى الطَّلَاقَ وَإِلَّا لَا ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَرْسُومَةً يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ نَوَى أَوْ لَمْ يَنْوِ ثُمَّ الْمَرْسُومَةُ لَا تَخْلُو إمَّا أَنْ أَرْسَلَ الطَّلَاقَ بِأَنْ كَتَبَ : أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَأَنْتِ طَالِقٌ ، فَكَمَا كَتَبَ هَذَا يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ وَتَلْزَمُهَا الْعِدَّةُ مِنْ وَقْتِ الْكِتَابَةِ .

(رد المحتار ج 3 ص 246  ايج ايم سعيد)

This answer was collected from Askimam.org, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Ebrahim Desai from South Africa.

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