Answered by: Mufti Belaal Ahmed
Question
If the buyer or seller passes away before returning the item/payment in a bay’ fasid what happens? Does it pass on to their inheritors with a duty to return etc or does ownership automatically go back? Has anyone come across ibarat on this?
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
In regards to the question asked generally the fuqaha have mentioned in a bay fasid if the transaction goes through and the people are happy and content, bay is valid even though it’s wrong, however in bay batil it is not valid at all and items are to be returned. Now coming to bay fasid if the items are not returned then they do become the possession of the one who buys them and the money does become the possession of the one who takes them, for example, if I say you can have this for £8 to £10 without fixing a price this has now come to a transaction where the price is not fixed so I just choose an amount and give that to you and continue, so really the bay was t conveyed in the correct way, however after the items have been exchanged in the bay fasid the items become the property of the one who bought them.
لَمْ يَذْكُرْ ما إذا ماتَ المُشْتَرِي فاسِدًا: وفِي الخُلاصَةِ والبَزّازِيَّةِ: ولَوْ ماتَ المُشْتَرِي فالبائِعُ أحَقُّ مِن سائِرِ الغُرَماءِ بِمالِيَّتِهِ، فَإنْ زادَ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ لِلْغُرَماءِ. اهـ ومَعْناهُ أنَّهُ لَوْ اشْتَرى عَبْدًا فاسِدًا وتَقابَضا ثُمَّ ماتَ المُشْتَرِي وعَلَيْهِ دُيُونٌ وفَسَخَ البائِعُ البَيْعَ مَعَ الوَرَثَةِ فالبائِعُ أحَقُّ بِمالِيَّةِ العَبْدِ وهِيَ ما قَبَضَهُ مِن المُشْتَرِي حَتّى يَسْتَرِدَّ العَبْدَ المَبِيعَ، كَما لَوْ ماتَ البائِعُ فَإنْ كانَتْ قِيمَةُ العَبْدِ أكْثَرَ مِمّا قَبَضَ فالزّائِدُ لِلْغُرَماءِ، هَذا ما ظَهَرَ لِي فَتَأمَّلْهُ.
رد المحتار ٥/٩١
(فَإنْ ماتَ) أحَدُهُما أوْ المُؤْجِرُ أوْ المُسْتَقْرِضُ أوْ الرّاهِنُ فاسِدًا عَيْنِيٌّ وزَيْلَعِيٌّ بَعْدَ الفَسْخِ (فالمُشْتَرِي) ونَحْوُهُ (أحَقُّ بِهِ) مِن سائِرِ الغُرَماءِ بَلْ قَبْلَ تَجْهِيزِهِ فَلَهُ حَقُّ حَبْسِهِ حَتّى يَأْخُذَ مالَهُ (فَيَأْخُذُ) المُشْتَرِي (دَراهِمَ الثَّمَنِ بِعَيْنِها لَوْ قائِمَةً، ومِثْلَها لَوْ هالِكَةً) بِناءً عَلى تَعَيُّنِ الدَّراهِمِ فِي البَيْعِ الفاسِدِ وهُوَ الأصَحُّ (و) إنّما (طابَ لِلْبائِعِ ما رَبِحَ) فِي الثَّمَنِ
الدر المختار
The following ruling above applies if the condition of possession in bay fasid is not found, so what that means if there is possession (qabz), and the seller is happy for qabz (possession) and both buyer and seller are happy the transaction is complete. However, if there is no qabz and the buyer is not happy then he is more entitled than the other person to who the seller is owing money.[i]
Only Allah knows best
Written by Mufti Belaal Ahmed
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
[i] Raddul Muhtar vol 5 pg 91