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Giving a Poor Student of Knowledge More Than a Nisab Worth of Zakat

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Qibla.com

Answered by Shaykh Ilyas Patel

It’s mentioned in Hanafi fiqh books that giving more than a nisab worth of zakat to a poor person is makruh. 1. Is this makruh tanziha or tahrima? 2. Does this also apply in the case of giving zakat to a poor student of knowledge who needs funding to study abroad (whose travel and living cost would be in the thousands of dollar)?

Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

 Walaikum assalam wa rahmatullah,
In the name of Allah Most Compassionate Merciful

I pray that this finds you well, and in the best of health and spirits. May Allah grant you all good and success in this life and the next.

A.1

It is somewhat disliked (Makrah tanzih) and not prohibitively disliked (makruh tahriman) to give someone an equal or more than a nisab worth of zakat. [F: Above and beyond their needs and debts. – Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar]

A.2

If a student needs a specified amount for his studies, say he needs £6,000 to cover the cost of three years for his rent, expenses, stationery, travel, etc and not more, then he should be only given that amount and not any extra amount, as it can be given to someone else in need.

 

بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع  – (ج 4 / ص 37)
وَيُكْرَهُ لِمَنْ عَلَيْهِ الزَّكَاةُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ فَقِيرًا مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ وَلَوْ أَعْطَى جَازَ وَسَقَطَ عَنْهُ الزَّكَاةُ فِي قَوْلِ أَصْحَابِنَا الثَّلَاثَةِ ، وَعِنْدَ زُفَرَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَلَا يَسْقُطُ .وَجْهُ قَوْلِهِ أَنَّ هَذَا نِصَابٌ كَامِلٌ فَيَصِيرُ غَنِيًّا بِهَذَا الْمَالِ وَلَا يَجُوزُ الصَّرْفُ إلَى الْغَنِيِّ وَلَنَا أَنَّهُ إنَّمَا يَصِيرُ غَنِيًّا بَعْدَ ثُبُوتِ الْمِلْكِ لَهُ فَأَمَّا قَبْلَهُ فَقَدْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَالصَّدَقَةُ لَاقَتْ كَفَّ الْفَقِيرِ فَجَازَتْ وَهَذَا ؛ لِأَنَّ الْغِنَى يَثْبُتُ بِالْمِلْكِ ، وَالْقَبْضُ شَرْطُ ثُبُوتِ الْمِلْكِ فَيَقْبِضُ ثُمَّ يَمْلِكُ الْمَقْبُوضَ ثُمَّ يَصِيرُ غَنِيًّا أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يُكْرَهُ ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُنْتَفِعَ بِهِ يَصِيرُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ وَذَكَرَ فِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ وَإِنْ يُغْنِي بِهِ إنْسَانًا أَحَبُّ إلَيَّ .
وَلَمْ يُرِدْ بِهِ الْإِغْنَاءَ الْمُطْلَقِ ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ مَكْرُوهٌ لِمَا بَيَّنَّا وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ الْمُقَيَّدَ وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ يُغْنِيهِ يَوْمًا أَوْ أَيَّامًا عَنْ الْمَسْأَلَةِ ؛ لِأَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ وُضِعَتْ لِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْإِغْنَاءِ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي صَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرِ { أَغْنُوهُمْ عَنْ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ } هَذَا إذَا أُعْطِيَ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ وَلَا لَهُ عِيَالٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَتَصَدَّق عَلَيْهِ قَدْرَ دَيْنِهِ وَزِيَادَةً مَا دُونَ الْمِائَتَيْنِ وَكَذَا إذَا كَانَ لَهُ عِيَالٌ يَحْتَاجُ إلَى نَفَقَتِهِمْ وَكِسْوَتِهِمْ

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