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Is Income Halal If It’s Earned Through Another Person’s Lies?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Darul Iftaa Chicago

I have a question regarding the practice of receiving government compensation for being a caretaker of a disabled or elderly family member in the United States. In many cases, Muslims here receive salaries for being "home caretakers" of family members who are elderly, disabled, or have conditions such as autism. There are instances where parents sign up one of their children (Child A) as the caretaker for a disabled sibling (Child B).

However, while the parents themselves carry out the majority of the caretaking tasks for Child B, they complete the paperwork in such a way that it appears Child A is the one performing the care, leading to Child A receiving the salary. In many such situations, false information is submitted to the authorities. This includes overstating the number of hours worked, claiming physical presence when Child A was never actually there, and reporting that Child B engaged in activities (such as swimming, exercise, etc.) that they did not participate in.

I would like to ask the following:

1. Is the income obtained in such a situation considered ḥalāl, given that the information provided to the authorities may be false or exaggerated?

2. What actions should Child A take in this scenario, especially if the parents do not comply with the truth? Is it obligatory for Child A to inform the agency about the false claims?

الجواب حامدا ومصليا

A Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) caregiver is classified, in Sharia, as a service-based employee (ajīr khāṣṣ). Such an employee is required solely to make themselves available for any services that the job entails during the stipulated times. This is irrespective of whether any service is actually carried out.[1] However, it would not be permissible to receive compensation for time not made available.

In the scenario outlined, any time that Child A allocates for the services, it will be permissible to receive remunerations for those hours. However, if this is not the case, it will be impermissible to receive payment for such time. Additionally, falsifying information and inflating hours worked is fraudulent and a breach of contract. This is deemed ḥarām, and it is necessary to avoid such actions.

It is essential to keep in mind that earning a ḥalāl livelihood is an obligation in Islam. Therefore, Allah has prohibited obtaining wealth through fraud and impermissible means. Allah states,

ولا تأكلوا أمولكم بينكم بالبـاطل وتدلوا بها إلى الحكام لتأكلوا فريقا من أموال الناس بالإثم وأنتم تعلمون (البقرة:١٨٨)

“Do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly, nor deliberately bribe authorities in order to devour a portion of others’ property, knowing that it is a sin.”
(Quran 2:188)

As Muslims, is it incumbent upon us to be bastions of truth and integrity. This entails seeking sustenance from ḥalāl and sincere means, ensuring our earnings are free from falsification and dishonesty. Accordingly, resorting to deception and fabrication is absolutely ḥarām. Thus, any income attained from such sources is devoid of blessings and virtue.

One may rectify the situation by being accessible during the stipulated work hours and recording only the time made available. Moreover, one should advise their parents, with the utmost respect and deference, regarding the Islamic guidelines of honesty and sincerity in acquiring one’s livelihood. If the parents refuse to refrain from such ḥarām, then the child must demand that their name not be used for such purposes, and the child should give away in charity any money received falsely in their name.

And Allah knows best.

Ml. Yousuf Rashid
Student, Darul Iftaa Chicago

Checked and Approved:

Mf. Abrar Mirza
Head Mufti, Darul Iftaa Chicago


[1] والأجير الخاص الذي يستحق الأجرة بتسليم نفسه في المدة وإن لم يعمل، كمن استأجر شهرا للخدمة أو لرعي الغنم
(مختصر القدوري؛ كتاب الإجارة: ص٢٤٣؛ ابن كثير)

والأجير الخاص الذي يستحق الأجرة بتسليم نفسه في المدة وإن لم يعمل، كمن استؤجر شهرا للخدمة أو لرعي الغنم
(الفقه النافع؛ كتاب الإجارات: ٢/١١٢٤؛ العبيكان)

أجير وحد وهو الذي يقال له أجير خاص يستحق الأجرة بتسليم نفسه في المدة وإن لم يعمل
(فتاوى السراجية؛ كتاب الإجارة: ص٤٧٠؛ العلمية)

والأجير الخاص: من يستحق الأجرة بالوقت دون العمل، كمن استأجر إنسانا ليخدمه شهرا أو ليقصر معه أو ليعمل عملا، أو بما هو في معنى الوقت بأن أجر نفسه منه إلى مكة يستحق الأجرة بتسليم النفس في المدة، وليس له أن يؤاجر نفسه من غيره، لأن المعقود عليه هو المنفعة دون العمل لما بينا، وإنما يذكر العمل لصرف المنفعة المستحقة إلى تلك الجهة، ومتى صارت منفعته مستحقة للمستأجر لا يمكن صرفها إلى عمل غيره، فلا يمكنه في تلك المدة لغيره فسمي أجيرا خاصا لهذا
(المحيط الرضوي؛ كتاب الإجارات: ٦/٥٦١-٥٦٢؛ العلمية)

والأجير الخاص الذي يستحق الأجرة بتسليم نفسه في المدة وإن لم يعمل، كمن استؤجر شهرا للخدمة أو لرعي الغنم، وإنما سمي أجير وحد، لأنه لا يمكن أن يعمل لغيره، لأن منافعه في المدة صارت مستحقة له، والأجر مقابل بالمنافع، ولهذا يبقى الأجر مستحقا وإن نقض العمل
(الهداية؛ كتاب الإجارات: ٦/٣١٦؛ البشرى)

والأجير الخاص الذي يستحق الأجرة بتسليم نفسه في المدة وإن لم يعمل، كمن استأجر شهرا للخدمة أو لرعي الغنم
(الحاوي القدسي؛ كتاب الإجارة: ٢/٧٩؛ النوادر)

الأجير الخاص المستحق للأجرة بتسليم نفسه مطلقا
(مجمع البحرين؛ كتاب الإجارة: ص٣٧٩؛ العلمية)

والأجير الخاص من يعمل لواحد ويسمي أجير وحد، ويستحق الأجر بتسليم نفسه مدته، كمن استؤجر للخدمة سنة أو لرعي الغنم ولا يضمن ما تلف في يده وبعمله
(ملتقى الأبحر؛ كتاب الإجارة: ص٥٣٢؛ البيروتي)

(فتاوى حقانية؛ كتاب الإجارة: ٦/٢٥٠؛ حقانية)

“Splitting Payment from Employer with Client Who Self-Services”, Darul Iftaa Chicago, November 6, 2024. Accessed November 25, 2024. https://daruliftaa.us/fatwa/173/

This answer was collected from Darul Iftaa Chicago’s official website, which is managed under the supervision of Mufti Abrar Mirza. He spent over 12 years researching and writing fatwas under the guidance of the world-renowned jurist Mufti Ebrahim Desai (may Allah have mercy on him).