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What is meant by the hadith: If there is bad omen in anything, it would be in the house, the woman, and the horse?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

what is meant by the hadith bad omen is found in women horses and home?

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

Before explaining the hadith we should should first be cognizant of the fact that as Muslims we do not believe in any superstitions.

Superstitions were a belief of the people in the jahiliyah (pre-Islamic period). Islam’s pristine teachings negated bad omens and superstitions replacing them with taqdir (destiny).

As Muslims we believe that nothing happens without the Will of Allah and we reiterate this in our daily conversation when we say Insha-Allah (if Allah wills).

The hadith: “If there is bad omen in anything, it would be in the house, the woman, and the horse” means that there is no such thing as a “bad omen” and if it was it would be present in these three things but it is not present even in these three things.

Shaykh al-Hadith Mawlana Zakariyya Khandalwi (rahmatullahi alayhi) quoting Mawlana Gangohi’s (rahmatullahi alayhi) explanation mentions that the word “al-shu’m” has two meanings here: al-nuhusa al-mutlaqa (bad omen in general) and secondly, what one’s tab’iah (natural disposition) dislikes in someone or something due to a troublesome experience.

In the first portion of the hadith when Rasulullah (salallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:  “If there is bad omen in anything…” the general, overall meaning of “bad omen” is meant since Rasulullah (salallahu alayhi wa sallam) is negating the presence of any “bad omens”.

In the second portion of the hadith “…it would be in the house, the woman, and the horse” the reference is to what a person naturally dislikes in these three things due to a troublesome experience one has had. [i]

A troublesome experience could entail an uncomfortable home with bad neighbors or cramped space, a wife with bad character or a sharp tongue, or a horse (or other means of transport) that is unreliable or unsafe. [ii]

In conclusion, it is apparent from the above that the mention of house, woman (i.e. wife), and horse (i.e. transport) in particular is because of one’s daily interaction and a close, intertwined relationship with these three. As a result, any issues with any one of these three could lead a person to erroneously believe in superstitions or bad omens whereas it is just the case of a difficult experience or a problematic relationship.

Sohail ibn Arif,
Student Darul Iftaa
Chicago, USA

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

وأوجه الأقوال عندي في ذلك ما أفاده شيخ مشايخنا الكهنكوهي قدس سره في الكوكب الدري  [i]

إذ قال: وأصح التأويلات في أن الشؤم يراد به معنيان: النحوسة المطلقة والثاني: اشتماله على ما يكره الطبيعة ويجتذب منه المشاق وكونه سبباً لما يتنفر منه الطبيعة فحيث نفي الشؤم أصلاً أو قال لو كان الشؤم لكان في هذه الثلاثة فالمراد هو المعنى الأول وحيث أثبته أراد الثاني

أوجز المسالك إلى موطأ مالك، ١٧/ ٣٢٣ دار القلم

قوله: (إن كان في شيء) أي: إن كان الشؤم في شيء، وفي رواية مسلم: إن كان ففي المرأة والفرس والمسكن [ii]

، يعني: الشؤم، وفي رواية له من حديث أبي الزبير أنه سمع جابر بن عبد الله يخبر عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: إن كان في شيء ففي الربع والخادم والفرس، وروي أحمد والحاكم وابن حبان من حديث سعد مرفوعا: من سعادة ابن آدم ثلاثة: المرأة الصالحة والمسكن الصالح والمركب الصالح، ومن شقاوة ابن آدم ثلاثة: المرأة السوء والمسكن السوء والمركب السوء وفي رواية لابن حبان: المركب الهني والمسكن الواسع، وفي رواية للحاكم: وثلاث من الشقاء: المرأة تراها وتسوؤك وتحمل لسانها عليك، والدابة تكون قطوفا فإن ضربتها أتعبتك وإن تركتها لم تلحق أصحابك، والدار تكون ضيقة قليلة المرافق. وروي الطبراني من حديث أسماء: أن من شقاء المرء في الدنيا: سوء الدار والمرأة والدابة، وفيه: سوء الدار ضيق ساحتها وخبث جيرانها، وسوء الدابة منعها ظهرها وسوء ضلعها، وسوء المرأة عقم رحمها وسوء خلقها

عمدة القاري شرح صحيح البخاري، ٢٠/ ٨٩ دار إحياء التراث العربي

This answer was collected from Askimam.org, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Ebrahim Desai from South Africa.

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