Answer:
(Fatwa: 1879/D=301/k=1430)
(1)It is right method which should be followed, i.e. give Zakah from all the balance which is in your possession at the time of the completion of the year, though you have recently received some money.
(2)Yes, the salary of the months which is due should also be given its Zakah, or you can give its zakah when you receive it.
(3)Bonus is not salary but it is a prize. So it will be calculated after it is received, i.e. it shall be calculated in next year’s balance. While calculating Zakah this year, when you did not get it, Zakah is not wajib on this year’s amount (bonus). It has a different ruling if compared to salary.
(4)It has the same ruling as no. 3
(5)If he deserves Zakah you can give him Zakah amount with the name of gift. It is not necessary to tell him that it is Zakah money; however it is necessary to confirm that he is entitled to receive Zakah. Zakah will not be paid by “giving in the name of loan” or by saying “you can return it when you are able”. Therefore you should give them in the name of gift and help.
(6)Yes, you can do so, but delaying without any valid reason is not good.
(7)Yes, the debt amount shall be deducted from the total capital (in order to pay zakah).
Allah (Subhana Wa Ta’ala) knows Best
Darul Ifta,
Darul Uloom Deoband
