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Can Muslims Assist Non-Muslims in Building Temples and Churches in an Islamic Government?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Mathabah.org

Answered by Shaykh Yūsuf Badāt

Question:

Can a Muslim state where non-muslims also pay taxes, build a temple for non-muslims with tax money or any other source of money?

Answer:

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيْم

In the name of Allāh, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

Jazāk Allāh Khayr/ Thank you for contacting Mathabah Institute.

The taxes that non-muslim citizens remit to their muslim government can be used by the Muslim ruler for the general benefit of the state and the public, which also includes non-muslim citizens. Under an Islamic government, there must be freedom or religion. One of the objectives of jizyah (taxes) is to safeguard and protect non-muslim citizens and their rights. – (See: Nawāzil Fiqhīyyah Al-Mu’āṣarah, Vol 2, Page 516, Maktabah Al-Īmān)[1]

If non-Muslim citizens of a muslim kingdom require a place to pray and they are unable to finance it themselves, the Muslim government may assist by allocating funds from taxes if they so wish. It should be noted that there is no sin in the act of building or erecting a structure. The sin for the muslim would be in worshiping other than the Almighty, not necessarily building or constructing, as is the view in the Ḥanafī school. – (See: Rad Al-Muḥtār, Vol 6, Page 391, Dār Al-Fikr[2], Al-Bināyah Sharḥ Al-Hidāyah, Vol 7, Page 256, Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīyyah[3])

The great historian, Shibī Al-No’mānī has written that there were innumerable non-muslim places of worship, churches and temples constructed in muslim cities and townships. Baghdad and Egypt also housed many new temples and churches under muslim rule. – (See: Maqālāt Shiblī Vol 3, Page 201)[4]

“And were it not that Allāh repels the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allāh is often mentioned. And Allāh will surely support those who support Him. Indeed, Allāh is Powerful and Exalted in Might.” – (Qur’ān 22:40)[5]

‘Abd-Allāh ibn Abbās (may Allāh be pleased with him) said, “The Messenger of Allāh (peace and blessing be upon him) concluded a peace treaty with the Christians of Najrān that no church of theirs will be demolished and no clergyman of theirs will be turned out. There will be no interruption and [interference] in their religion unless they commit any new violation.” – (Abū Dāwūd 3041)[6]

Only Allāh knows best


[1] وانماهذه الجزية ازهد اجرة وعوض ضمان حفظهم وحماية حقوقهم – نوازل فقهية المعاصرة لخالد سيف الله الرحماني ج ٢/ ص ٥١٦ مكتبة الايمان  

[2] وَجَازَ تَعْمِيرُ كَنِيسَةٍ قَالَ فِي الْخَانِيَّةِ وَلَوْ آجَرَ نَفْسَهُ لِيَعْمَلَ فِي الْكَنِيسَةِ وَيُعَمِّرَهَا لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا مَعْصِيَةَ فِي عَيْنِ الْعَمَلِ – كتاب الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين رد المحتار ج٦/ ص٣٩١ دار الفكر

[3] وإن انهدمت البيع والكنائس القديمة أعادوها – المراد من القديمة ما كانت قبل فتح الإمام بلدهم ومصالحتهم على إقرارهم على بلدهم وأراضيهم ولا يشترط أن يكون في زمن الصحابة والتابعين لا محالة لأن الأبنية لا تبقى دائمة ولما أقرهم الإمام فقد عهد إليهم الإعادة إلا أنهم لا يمكنون من نقلها لأنه أي لأن النقل إحداث في الحقيقة وقال محمد رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ في نوادر هشام إن انهدمت كنيسة من كنائسهم أو بيعة أو بيت نار فلهم أن يبنها كما كانت – كتاب البناية شرح الهداية ج ٧/ص ٢٥٦ دار الكتب العلمية

[4] قد أنشأت المعابد والكنائس والصوامع في المدن والمستوطنات الإسلامية نفسها بكثرة لا يمكن عدها ولا استقصائها و بغداد مدينة عمرها المسلمون بصفة خاصة وتوجد في معجم البلدان اسامى الكنائس والمعابد المتكاثرة المتواجدة بهذه الدينة والكنائس التي تم انشائها في مدينة القاهرة انما أنشأت في عهد المسلمين ـ مقالات شبلي ج ٣ / ص ٢٠١

[5] وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍ لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَاتٌ وَمَسَاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا ۗ وَلَيَنصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ – سورة الحج ٤٠

[6] عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ صَالَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَهْلَ نَجْرَانَ عَلَى أَنْ لاَ تُهْدَمَ لَهُمْ بَيْعَةٌ وَلاَ يُخْرَجُ لَهُمْ قَسٌّ وَلاَ يُفْتَنُوا عَنْ دِينِهِمْ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثُوا حَدَثًا – رواه أبو داؤد ٣٠٤١

This answer was collected from Mathabah.org. It’s an Islamic educational institute based in Canada. The questions are generally answered by Sheikh Yusuf Badat and Sheikh Omar Subedar.