Answered by Shaykh Faraz Rabbani
A person pointed out a hadith to me, the purport of which states that all prayer is invalidated after the congregation has started. As I understood from hanafi scholars, the fajr sunan should be performed if one can still join the congregation after performing the sunan and where there is no objection from the people.
Please could you clarify as I am hesitant to accept the persons comment as he is not a scholar.
Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Merciful and Compassionate
May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon His Messenger Muhammad, his folk, companions, and followers
Walaikum assalam wa rahmatullah,
In the Hanafi school, if one arrives to mosque after the Fajr prayer has begun without having performed the sunna one performs the sunna (away from the congregation) if one is sure that one will catch the congregation before the closing salams. [Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar]
(1) The special virtue of the sunna of Fajr. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that, “They are better than the world and all it contains.” [Muslim] The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also said, “Perform them even if you fear being trampled by horses.” [Abu Dawud; meaning, in war] The ulema generally agree that it is the most emphasized of the sunnas, and that even those very busy should not miss it.
(2) It is established by the emphatic general prohibition of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that no prayer can be performed after the obligatory Fajr prayer.
(2) Both the Hanafis and Malikis allow performing the sunna of Fajr even after the congregation for the obligatory prayer has started because of the authentically-established practice of a number of major Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him, his family, and companions), including Ibn Umar, Ibn Abbas, Abu al-Darda’, Ibn Mas`ud, and others. [Tahawi, Sharh Ma`ani al-Athar; Musannaf Ibn Abi Shayba; Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq] This is also established from a great number of the Followers.
(3) The practice of these Companions is understood — given their deep knowledge and careful following of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) — to have been taken directly or through their understanding from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) himself.
(4) We also know that it is permitted to complete sunnas initiated after the Call to Commence (iqama) for other obligatory prayers. The hadith, “If the Call to Commence is given, then there is no prayer other than the obligatory one,” [Muslim, and others] refers in general to initiating a sunna after the iqama and the exception — established with the abovementioned proof — is the sunna of Fajr. Note that the negation (nafy) in the hadih is interpreted by the hadith commentators and fuqaha’ to be a negation of permissibility and not of validity — for Allah Most High said, “Do not invalidate your works” [Qur’an]; and it is also understood to be a general expression from which certain particulars are excepted. [see: Ayni, Umdat al-Qari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari, 5.185-186; Ibn al-Humam, Fath al-Qadir]
And Allah alone gives success.
Wassalam,
Faraz Rabbani
