Answered by Shaykh Yūsuf Badāt
Question:
A woman passed away. She has no husband, no parents and no children. She has 1 full brother and 1 full sister. She also has 5 half brothers and sisters. Will the half brothers/ sisters inherit? Or do they not inherit in the presence of full brothers/ sisters?
Answer:
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيْم
In the name of Allāh, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Jazāk Allāh Khayr/ Thank you for contacting Mathābah.
In the described situation, the half brothers and sisters can be entitled to inheritance depending on whether they are paternal or maternal siblings.
The author of Mukhtaṣar Al-Qudūrī writes:
- A half-sister from the same father is entitled to inheritance, if there is no full sister. [1]
- Sisters from the same father along with a full sister are entitled to inheritance [2]
- The uterine sibling is dropped from the inheritance if a child, grandchild, father and or grandfather is alive. [3]
- When full sisters have taken their two-thirds in full, the agnatic sisters are dropped, unless there is with them a brother who agnatises them.[4]
- The residue from the full sisters’ fixed share is for the agnatic brothers and sisters [on the basis of], “For the male there is the equivalent of the share of two females.” [5]
- The residue from the full sister’s share is for the agnatic brothers and sisters [on the basis of] “For the male there is the equivalent of the share of two females.” [6]
(See: Mukhtaṣar Al-Qudūrī, Dār Al-Kutub Al-’Ilmiyyah, Page 145)
“For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much – an obligatory share.” – (Qur’ān 4:7)[7]
Only Allāh knows best.
[1] فالنصف من الأب والأم والأخت من الأب إذا لم تكن أخت لأب وأم – مختصر القدوري ص ١٤٥
[2] وللأخوات لأب مع الأخت لأب وأم – مختصر القدوري ص ١٤٥
[3] ويسقط ولد الأم بأربعة بالولد وولد الابن والأب والجد – مختصر القدوري ص١٤٥
[4] وإذا استكمل الأخوات لأب وأم الثلثين سقطت الأخوات لأب إلا أن يكون معهن أخ لهن فيعصبهن – مختصر القدوري ص ١٤٥
[5] والفاضل عن فرض الأختين من الأب والأم للإخوة والأخوات من الأب للذكر مثل حظ الأنثيين – مختصر القدوري ص ١٤٥
[6] وكذلك الفاضل عن فرض الأخت من الأب والأم لبني الأب وبنات الأب للذكر مثل حظ الأنثيين – مختصر القدوري ص ١٤٥
[7] لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ ۚ نَصِيبًا مَّفْرُوضًا – النساء ٧