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Should the husband provide a separate residence for the wife?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by DaruliftaaZambia.com

Question

Assalamo Alaikum. Please could you let me know if a husband should provide a separate home for his wife if he can afford it or is it within his right to ask his wife to live with his parents?

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

In principle, the husband is duty-bound to earn and cater for the food, clothing and shelter for his wife. [1] With regards to what the wife is entitled to in the Sharī‘ah as far as residence and accommodation are concerned, this is dependent on the wife’s background and the husband’s financial situation:

  • If the wife comes from an affluent family and the husband is financially well-off, he must provide her with a fully separate lodging.
  • If she is from an average background and he is financially stable, his obligation is to give her a separate room, together with a kitchen and bathroom that is not shared by any of his family members.
  • If both spouses come from poor backgrounds, his obligation is only to provide one room, and it is not necessary to provide separate facilities like a bathroom and kitchen. [2]

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Checked and Approved by,

Mufti Nabeel Valli.

Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah

Lusaka, Zambia

www.daruliftaazambia.com

__________________________

[1] صحيح مسلم (2/ 890) 

وَلَهُنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ

[2] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (3/ 601)

(وكذا تجب لها السكنى في بيت خال عن أهله) سوى طفله الذي لا يفهم الجماع وأمته وأم ولده (وأهلها) ولو ولدها من غيره بقدر حالهما كطعام وكسوة وبيت منفرد من دار له غلق.

زاد في الاختيار والعيني: ومرافق، ومراده لزوم كنيف ومطبخ، وينبغي الافتاء به.

[قال ابن عابدين] قُلْت: وَفِي الْبَدَائِعِ: وَلَوْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُسْكِنَهَا مَعَ ضَرَّتِهَا أَوْ مَعَ أَحْمَائِهَا كَأُمِّهِ وَأُخْتِهِ وَبِنْتِهِ فَأَبَتْ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُسْكِنَهَا فِي مَنْزِلٍ مُنْفَرِدٍ؛ لِأَنَّ إبَاءَهَا دَلِيلُ الْأَذَى وَالضَّرَرِ وَلِأَنَّهُ مُحْتَاجٌ إلَى جِمَاعِهَا وَمُعَاشَرَتِهَا فِي أَيِّ وَقْتٍ يَتَّفِقُ لَا يُمْكِنُ ذَلِكَ مَعَ ثَالِثٍ؛ حَتَّى لَوْ كَانَ فِي الدَّارِ بُيُوتٌ وَجَعَلَ لِبَيْتِهَا غَلَقًا عَلَى حِدَةٍ قَالُوا لَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تُطَالِبَهُ بِآخَرَ. اهـ فَهَذَا صَرِيحٌ فِي أَنَّ الْمُعْتَبَرَ عَدَمُ وُجْدَانِ أَحَدٍ فِي الْبَيْتِ لَا فِي الدَّارِ…وعَلَى مَا نَقَلْنَا عَنْ مُلْتَقَطِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ وَتَجْنِيسِهِ لِلْأُسْرُوشَنِيِّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلَافِ النَّاسِ، فَفِي الشَّرِيفَةِ ذَاتِ الْيَسَارِ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ إفْرَادِهَا فِي دَارٍ، وَمُتَوَسِّطِ الْحَالِ يَكْفِيهَا بَيْتٌ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ دَارٍ. وَمَفْهُومُهُ أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَتْ مِنْ ذَوَاتِ الْإِعْسَارِ يَكْفِيهَا بَيْتٌ وَلَوْ مَعَ أَحْمَائِهَا وَضَرَّتِهَا كَأَكْثَرِ الْأَعْرَابِ وَأَهْلِ الْقُرَى وَفُقَرَاءِ الْمُدُنِ الَّذِينَ يَسْكُنُونَ فِي الْأَحْوَاشِ وَالرُّبُوعِ، وَهَذَا التَّفْصِيلُ هُوَ الْمُوَافِقُ، لِمَا مَرَّ مِنْ أَنَّ الْمَسْكَنَ يُعْتَبَرُ بِقَدْرِ حَالِهِمَا، وَلِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى – {أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ}…فَعَلَى الْمُفْتِي أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إلَى حَالِ أَهْلِ زَمَانِهِ وَبَلَدِهِ، إذْ بِدُونِ ذَلِكَ لَا تَحْصُلُ الْمُعَاشَرَةُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى – {وَلا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ}

امداد الفتاوی -جلد 2 -ص515 -مکتبہ دار العلوم

فتاوی عثمانی – جلد 2-ص 489 –مکتبہ معارف

This answer was collected from Daruliftaazambia.com, which serves as a gateway to Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah – Lusaka, Zambia.

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