Answered by Shaykh Faraz Rabbani
1) When I am praying at home or office or in mosque alone, do I have to recite “Adan” & “Iqamah”? 2) Let’s say how if I’m praying with my family or frens at home or mosque, do I have to recite them? Because different teachers give different opinion on this matter. Some say, whether I’m alone or with frens or with family as I long as I’m not praying inside the mosque, “Adhan & Iqamah” is necessary but some say not so but only “Iqamah” is necessary (even in mosque). In Middle East, I’ve seen many of my colleagues pray individually in the office (although they pray at the same time) but the never recite “Adhan” or “Iqamah”. 3)Is “Adhan & Iqmah” necessary for “qada” prayers? 4)Is it necessary to “qada” witr prayer?
Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah,
Both adhan and iqama are sunnas for men, not women–because the basis of men’s prayer is that it is performed in congregation; thus, when they pray alone, they perform it as the congregational prayer was performed with respect to such matters. The basis of women’s prayer, on the other hand, is that it is performed alone–thus, adhan and iqama aren’t sunna for them. (Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar; Ibn al-Humam, Fath al-Qadir; Shurunbulali, Maraqi al-Falah)
As for the Adhan and Iqama for men:
[1] When praying alone at home or elsewhere:
(a) If in the vicinty of a mosque where the adhan is given, then it would be recommended (not emphasized sunna) to give the adhan;
(b) Otherwise, it would be an emphasized sunna to give the adhan.
[2] When praying alone at the mosque after the main congregation, it is praiseworthy to give the adhan quietly to oneself, without raising one’s voice.
[3] In all such cases–whether alone or with others, in the mosque or elsewhere–it remains an emphasized sunna to give the iqama.
[4] It is sunna for men (not women) to give both adhan and iqama for make up (qada) prayers, because one performs make ups as the current performance was to be performed.
[5] It is necessary (wajib) to make up missed witr prayers.
Ref: Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar; Fatawa Hindiyya.
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Jazakum Allah khayr.
And Allah alone gives success.