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Fulfilling Contractual Obligations & Repaying Debts On Time When Able To Do So

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Qibla.com

Answered by Shaykh Faraz Rabbani

In my line of work, I deal with a lot of Muslims, but they frequently delay (without reason) in repaying me…Is this right?

Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

In the name of Allah, the inspirer of truth.

All praise is to Allah, Most Merciful and Compassionate, and all blessings and peace to our Master Muhammad, his family, companions, and those who follow them.

Allah Most High states:

1. “Fulfill the covenant of Allah when you have covenanted.”[Qur’an,16:91]

2. “O you who believe, fulfill your undertakings.” [Qur’an, 5:1]

Shaykh al-Islam Abu Su`ud al-`Imadi (951 AH), the arguably greatest scholar
of the Ottoman caliphate, explained in his majestic tafsir,

“Fulfilling one’s undertakings entails living up to that which is entailed
by the contract.” [Abu Su`ud, Irshad al-`Aql al-Salim ila Mazaya al-Qur’an
al-Karim, 3:2]

3. “And keep the covenant. Lo! of the covenant it will be asked.” [Qur’an,
17:34]

4. “It is most hateful in the sight of Allah that you say that which you do
not.” [Qur’an, 61:3]

The Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace), “The delaying of one able to repay is oppression (dhulm).” [Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i, and Ibn Maja]

And he also said (Allah bless him & give him peace), “Oppression becomes
darkness on the Day of Judgement.” [Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, and Ahmad]

Abu Hurayra (Allah have mercy on him) said, “Anyone who owes a debt, and
does not repay it when able to do so is like the one who eats others’ wealth unlawfully.” [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shayba, 5.414]

Imam Abu Bakr al-Jassas al-Razi explained in his tafsir, Ahkam al-Qur’an,
that, “The debtor who refuses to repay his debt while able to do so is an
oppressor (dhalim).” [Jassas, Akham al-Qur’an, 1.647]

Imam Ibn Hajar explained in his work on the major sins, al-Zawajir `an
Iqtiraf al-Kaba’ir, that among the major sins (kaba’ir) is,

“For the one able to pay to delay doing so after being asked to repay,
without a valid excuse.” [Ibn Hajar, -Zawajir `an Iqtiraf al-Kaba’ir, 1.414]

And Allah alone gives success.

Walaikum assalam,
Faraz Rabbani.

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Ýí ÇáÈÑíÞÉ Ýí ÔÑÍ ÇáØÑíÞÉ:

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Çááå Úäå ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ { ãóØúáõ ÇáúÛóäöíøö Ùõáúãñ } ) íóÚúäöí ÊóÓúæöíÝó
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ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö . íóÚúäöí : æóÝóÇÁõ ÇáÏøóíúäö æóÇÌöÈñ , æóÅöäú ßóÇäó
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 Ýí ÓÈõá ÇáÓáÇã: 2/77-78

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, æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ åóáú íóÝúÓõÞõ ÞóÈúáó ÇáØøóáóÈö Ãóæú áóÇ ÈõÏøó
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áöÞóæúáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã : { ãóØúáõ ÇáúÛóäöíøö Ùõáúãñ }
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ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇãúÊóäóÚó ÍóÈóÓóåõ ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ áöÙõáúãöåö ÈöÊóÃúÎöíÑö ÇáúÍóÞøö ãöäú
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( æóÅöÝúáóÇÓñ Ý 6 ) ./>

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