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In the absence of a mother, can a father help bathe his daughter or son?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by ShariahBoard.org

Can mother help 7 year old son in bath? Can father help 9 year old daughter to bathe in absence of mother?

الجواب وباللہ التوفیق

When a child becomes of an age that when looked at, may trigger a natural inclination towards him, it is then not allowed for the mother to bathe her son.

Religious scholars have stated that a seven year old child is generally capable of doing his personal purification acts like “istinjaa”, etc., because of that, children at seven years of age are taught and encouraged to perform their regular daily prayers.

Therefore, when a child has been properly toilet trained and is capable of performing his personal purification, he is then also qualified to bath himself, hence the mother should avoid bathing her son.

But if for any reason the child still lacks the ability to effectively purify himself, the mother is allowed to bathe him.

Whereas a girl of nine years is considered “mushtaha”, therefore a father is not allowed to bathe his nine year old daughter.   

(وَالْأُمُّ وَالْجَدَّةُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ) أَيْ بِالْغُلَامِ (حَتَّى يَسْتَغْنِيَ، وَقُدِّرَ بِسَبْعِ سِنِينَ) وَقَالَ الْقُدُورِيُّ حَتَّى يَأْكُلَ وَحْدَهُ وَيَشْرَبَ وَحْدَهُ وَيَسْتَنْجِيَ وَحْدَهُ، وَفِي الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ حَتَّى يَسْتَغْنِيَ وَالْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ، وَقَدَّرَهُ الْخَصَّافُ بِسَبْعِ سِنِينَ اعْتِبَارًا لِلْغَالِبِ، وَهُوَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ الْأَوَّلِ بَلْ عَيْنُهُ لِأَنَّهُ إذَا بَلَغَ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ يَسْتَنْجِي وَحْدَهُ أَلَا تَرَى إلَى مَا يُرْوَى عَنْهُ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – أَنَّهُ قَالَ «مُرُوا صِبْيَانَكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ إذَا بَلَغُوا سَبْعَ سِنِينَ» وَالْأَمْرُ بِالصَّلَاةِ لَا يَكُونُ إلَّا بَعْدَ الْقُدْرَةِ عَلَى الطَّهَارَةِ، وَقَدَّرَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الرَّازِيّبِتِسْعِ سِنِينَ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَغْنِي قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ عَادَةً، وَالْفَتْوَى عَلَى قَوْلِ الْخَصَّافِ، وَالْمُرَادُ بِالِاسْتِنْجَاءِ وَحْدَهُ هُوَ تَمَامُ الطَّهَارَةِ، وَهُوَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرَ بِالْمَاءِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُعِينَهُ أَحَدٌ (تبیین الحقائق : ۳/۴۸)

قال في الفتح: الصغير والصغيرة إذا لم يبلغا حد الشهوة يغسلهما الرجال والنساء وقدره في الأصل بأن يكون قبل أن يتكلم۔(رد المحتار :۲/۲۰۱)ـ

وَهَذَا فِيمَا إذَا كَانَتْ فِي حَدِّ الشَّهْوَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ صَغِيرَةً لَا يُشْتَهَى مِثْلُهَا فَلَا بَأْسَ بِالنَّظَرِ إلَيْهَا وَمَنْ مَسِّهَا لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِبَدَنِهَا حُكْمُ الْعَوْرَةِ وَلَا فِي النَّظَرِ وَالْمَسِّ مَعْنَى خَوْفِ الْفِتْنَةِ وَالْأَصْلُ فِيهِ مَا رُوِيَ «أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – كَانَ يُقَبِّلُ زُبَّ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا – وَهُمَا صَغِيرَانِ» وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْخُذُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا فَيَجُرَّهُ وَالصَّبِيُّ يَضْحَكُ وَلِأَنَّ الْعَادَةَ الظَّاهِرَةَ تَرْكُ التَّكَلُّفِ

لِسَتْرِ عَوْرَتِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَبْلُغَ حَدَّ الشَّهْوَةِ فِي كَشْفِ الْعَوْرَةِ۔(المبسوط : ۱۰/۱۵۶)

فقط  واللہ اعلم بالصواب

This answer was collected from Shariahboard.org. It was established under the supervision of the eminent faqih of our era, Hazrat Shah Mufti Mohammed Navalur Rahman damat barakatuhum.

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