Answered by Shaykh Yūsuf Badāt
Question:
If someone does qurbānī for a dead relative, who can eat of the meat? Are there any restrictions? Is it not treated just like a normal qurbānī?
Answer:
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيْم
In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Jazāk Allāh Khayr/ Thank you for contacting Mathabah Institute for your query.
The meat from an optional (nafl) Qurbānī conducted on behalf of a deceased relative can be consumed by family and friends and can also be distributed to muslims and non-muslims whether poor or wealthy. Yes, the described Qurbānī is considered and dealt with like any other Qurbānī. – (See: Badāi’ Al-Ṣanāi’, Volume 6, Page 330, Dār Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīyyah [1])
“’Alī (may God be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) put me in charge of his sacrificial animals, instructing me that I should give their flesh, skins and saddle-cloths as ṣadaqa (charity), but not to give anything [as payment] to the butcher, saying, “We would pay him ourselves.” – (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1317)[2]
‘Alī (may God be pleased with him) reports, “The Prophet (peace and blessings upon him) instructed me to slaughter on his behalf. Therefore, I will continue to slaughter (Udhīyyah) on his behalf as long as I live”. – (Tirmidhī 1495) [3]
Hamash (may God be pleased with him) says, “I saw Alī (may God be pleased with him) slaughtering two sheep, so I asked him why he is slaughtering two sheep.” He said, “The Prophet (peace and blessings upon him) made a bequest that I should render Udhīyyah for him.” -(Abū Dāwūd 2790) [4].
It is reported that Sā’d ibn Ubādah (may God be pleased with him) was away when his mother passed away. When he returned, he asked the Messenger of God (peace and blessings upon him), “Will it be of any benefit if I give charity on her behalf? The Prophet (peace and blessings upon him) replied in the affirmative”. – (Nasa’ī 3650) [5]
Only Allāh knows best.
[1] وَالْأَفْضَلُ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِالثُّلُثِ وَيَتَّخِذَ الثُّلُثَ ضِيَافَةً لِأَقَارِبِهِ وَأَصْدِقَائِهِ وَيَدَّخِرَ الثُّلُثَ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْقَانِعَ وَالْمُعْتَرَّ} [الحج: 36] وَقَوْلِهِ – عَزَّ شَأْنُهُ – {فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ} [الحج: 28] وَقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – «كُنْت نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْأَضَاحِيِّ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَادَّخِرُوا» فَثَبَتَ بِمَجْمُوعِ الْكِتَابِ الْعَزِيزِ وَالسُّنَّةِ أَنَّ الْمُسْتَحَبَّ مَا قُلْنَا وَلِأَنَّهُ يَوْمُ ضِيَافَةِ اللَّهِ – عَزَّ وَجَلَّ – بِلُحُومِ الْقَرَابِينِ فَيُنْدَبُ إشْرَاكُ الْكُلِّ فِيهَا وَيُطْعِمُ الْفَقِيرَ وَالْغَنِيَّ جَمِيعًا لِكَوْنِ الْكُلِّ أَضْيَافَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى – عَزَّ شَأْنُهُ – فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ وَلَهُ أَنْ يَهَبَهُ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا، وَلَوْ تَصَدَّقَ بِالْكُلِّ جَازَ وَلَوْ حَبَسَ الْكُلَّ لِنَفْسِهِ جَازَ؛ لِأَنَّ الْقُرْبَةَ فِي الْإِرَاقَةِ
[2] عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ أَقُومَ عَلَى بُدْنِهِ وَأَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِلَحْمِهَا وَجُلُودِهَا وَأَجِلَّتِهَا وَأَنْ لاَ أُعْطِيَ الْجَزَّارَ مِنْهَا قَالَ نَحْنُ نُعْطِيهِ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا – رواه مسلم ١٣١٧
[3] عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُضَحِّي بِكَبْشَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَالآخَرُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ فَقَالَ أَمَرَنِي بِهِ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم – فَلاَ أَدَعُهُ أَبَدًا – رواه الترمذي ١٤٩٥
[4] عَنْ حَنَشٍ، قَالَ رَأَيْتُ عَلِيًّا يُضَحِّي بِكَبْشَيْنِ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَوْصَانِي أَنْ أُضَحِّيَ عَنْهُ فَأَنَا أُضَحِّي عَنْهُ – رواه أبو داؤد ٢٧٩٠
[5] عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ خَرَجَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ وَحَضَرَتْ أُمَّهُ الْوَفَاةُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَقِيلَ لَهَا أَوْصِي. فَقَالَتْ فِيمَ أُوصِي الْمَالُ مَالُ سَعْدٍ. فَتُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ سَعْدٌ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ سَعْدٌ ذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ يَنْفَعُهَا أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم “ نَعَمْ ”. فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ حَائِطُ كَذَا وَكَذَا صَدَقَةٌ عَنْهَا لِحَائِطٍ سَمَّاهُ. – رواه النساي ٣٦٥٠