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Iqtida of one who is praying Fard behind someone who is praying Sunnah

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by ShariahBoard.org

Assalamualaikum,

A person Zaid praying Sunnah, Bakr wantsto pray Fard Salat and wants to follow Zaid as an Imam for Bakr’s Salat, Zaid was praying and completes his Salat while Bakr followed him until the end, but after finishing Bakr complained to Zaid for not raising his voice in Takbeerat, while Zaid said that if he was praying Sunnah or Nafl, Bakr couldn’t pray behind him to follow him as an Imam while he wanted to pray Fard Salat, that’s why he did not raise his voice, so what should be done in such situation? Zaid did the right thing or wrong by not raising his voice? Zaid should raise his voice or not? What Zaid supposed to do? Also if someone praying Asr prayer, can someone join him to be as his muqtadi while with the intention of praying Zuhr? 

الجواب وباللہ التوفیق

A person performing Fard Salat cannot pray his Salat following a person performing Sunnat or Nafil. Similarly a person performing Zuhr Salat cannot pray his Salat following a person performing A’sr Salat.

الأْصْل أَنَّ الإْمَامَ إِذَا كَانَ أَقْوَى حَالاً مِنَ الْمُقْتَدِي أَوْ مُسَاوِيًا لَهُ صَحَّتْ إِمَامَتُهُ اتِّفَاقًا ، أَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ أَضْعَفَ حَالاً ، كَأَنْ كَانَ يُصَلِّي نَافِلَةً وَالْمُقْتَدِي يُصَلِّي فَرِيضَةً۔۔۔۔ جُمْهُورُ الْفُقَهَاءِ عَلَى عَدَمِ جَوَازِ إِمَامَةِ الْمُتَنَفِّل لِلْمُفْتَرِضِ ، وَالْمُفْتَرِضِ لِلَّذِي يُؤَدِّي فَرْضًا آخَرَ ،( الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية) اتحاد صلاتي الإمام والمأموم:للفقهاء آراء في تحديد هذا الاتحاد، فقال الحنفية: الاتحاد أن يمكنه (أي المقتدي) الدخول في صلاة بنية صلاة الإمام، فتكون صلاة الإمام متضمنة لصلاة المقتدي. فلا يصلي المفترض خلف المتنفل؛ لأن الاقتداء بناء، ووصف الفرضية معدوم في حق الإمام، فلا يتحقق البناء على المعدوم، ولا من يصلي فرضاً خلف من يصلي فرضاً آخر؛ لأن الاقتداء شركة وموافقة، فلا بد من الاتحاد سبباً وفعلاً ووصفاً. لأن الاقتداء بناء التحريمة على التحريمة، كما بينا أي أن الاتحاد في الفرضية ونوع الفريضة.( الفِقْهُ الإسلاميُّ وأدلَّتُهُ)

واللہ اعلم بالصواب

This answer was collected from Shariahboard.org. It was established under the supervision of the eminent faqih of our era, Hazrat Shah Mufti Mohammed Navalur Rahman damat barakatuhum.

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