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Giving Away A Share Of Inheritance

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Darulifta Azaadville

Question:

Since a person has to accept his share of inheritance. How will he give his share of inheritance to other inheritors or in charity . Does he have to take possession of each item or can he jst say what ever is my share in these items I give it to the other inheritors.

Answer:

A person does not have to first take physical possession of his/her share of inheritance, in order for him to give it away to the other inheritors.i A different set of rules would apply to different assets of the estate, depending on what asset the inheritor wishes to give away to the other inheritors. Since seeing that you have spoken (in your correspondence) about an inheritor giving away his share in a certain “item” we will give an example with regard to moveable items of the estate. Let us say for example that an inheritor wishes to give away his share in a non-divisible item such as a Kurta or a utensil, he merely has to say that “I have gifted my share in that Kurta or utensil to you (the other inheritors)” and those inheritors would then accept the gift and take control and possession of the gifted item. In this way, the said item will now belong to the rest of the inheritors and the heir that has given his share away will have no ownership in that item any longer.

Checked and Approved By:

Mufti Muhammed Saeed Motara Saheb D.B.

وَحَقُّ الْوَارِثِ قَبْلَ الْقِسْمَةِ يَسْقُطُ بِالْإِسْقَاطِ(شامى/ج5/ص642)

لَوْ قَالَ الْوَارِثُ: تَرَكْتُ حَقِّي لَمْ يَبْطُلْ حَقُّهُ؛ إذْ الْمِلْكُ لَا يَبْطُلُ بِالتَّرْكِ، وَالْحَقُّ يَبْطُلُ بِهِ حَتَّى لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ الْغَانِمِينَ قَالَ قَبْلَ الْقِسْمَةِ: تَرَكْت حَقِّي بَطَلَ حَقُّهُ، وَكَذَا لَوْ قَالَ الْمُرْتَهِنُ: تَرَكْت حَقِّي فِي حَبْسِ الرَّهْنِ بَطَلَ، كَذَا فِي جَامِعِ الْفُصُولَيْنِ لِلْعِمَادِيِّ، وَفُصُولِ الْعِمَادِيِّ، وَظَاهِرُهُ أَنَّ كُلَّ حَقٍّ يَسْقُطُ بِالْإِسْقَاطِ… وَذَكَرَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِخُوَاهَرْ زَادَهْ أَنَّ حَقَّ الْمُوصَى لَهُ وَحَقَّ الْوَارِثِ قَبْلَ الْقِسْمَةِ غَيْرُ مُتَأَكِّدٍ يَحْتَمِلُ السُّقُوطَ بِالْإِسْقَاطِ (انْتَهَى).(الاشباه والنظائر/ص272)

سوال:ايک آدمی کا انتقال ہو اور ترکہ ميں ايک گھر چھوڑا جو ابھی غير مقسوم تھا اروورثاء ميں سے ايک شخص نے اپنا حصہ اپنی بہن کو ہبہ کر ديا،اب اس آدمی کا انتقال ہو گيا،دوسرے ورثاء اس ہبہ کوقبول نہيں کرتے

جب کہ موہوب لہا کے پاس گواہ بھی موجود ہيں تو   کيا ہبہ صحيح ہوا يا نہيں؟

الجواب: بصورت مسئولہ وارث کے ليے  جائز ہے کہ ميراث پر قبضہ کرنے سے پہلے حق ساقط کر ديا دوسرے کی طرف منتقل کردے، اورآج  کل يہاں کے مکانات مشاع ناقل تقسيم کی طرح ہيں، لہذا اس ميں سے اپنا حصہ بغير تقسيم کے ہبہ کيا جا سکتا ہے،اور گواہ موجود ہو نے کی وجہ سے مذکورہ ہبہ مکمل ہو گيا اب اس حصہ ميں دوسرے ورثاء کا حق نہيں-(فتاوی دار العلوم زکريا/ج5/ص609)

This answer was collected from the official Ifta website of Darul Uloom Azaadville, South Africa. Most of the answers are checked and approved by Mufti Muhammed Saeed Motara Saheb D.B.

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