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Is shark halal to eat?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Darulfiqh.com

Question:

Is shark halal to eat?

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

According to the Hanafi school of Fiqh, sea creatures which are classified as samak are permissible to consume.[1]  Samak is generally translated as fish.

The scholars have mentioned a few attributes of samak to help discern samak from non-samak:
1)    It should be a vertebrate
2)    Have gills
3)    Have fins
4)    The body temperature fluctuates in conformity to the environment[2]

Shark is considered to be samak.  Therefore, it is permissible to consume shark regardless of its predatory nature.

And Allah Ta’ālā Knows Best

Mufti Faraz Adam
www.darulfiqh.com


[1]  أما الَّذِي لَا يعِيش إِلَّا فِي المَاء فكله محرم الْأكل إِلَّا السّمك خَاصَّة بِجَمِيعِ أَنْوَاعه سوى الطافي مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مَكْرُوه (تحفة الفقهاء ج 3 ص 63 دار الكتب)

قَالَ: (وَلَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْ حَيَوَانِ الْمَاءِ إِلَّا السَّمَكُ) لِأَنَّهُ مَيْتَةٌ فَيَحْرُمُ بِالنَّصِّ، وَإِنَّمَا حَلَّ السَّمَكُ بِمَا رُوِّينَا مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ وَأَنَّهُ يَشْمَلُ جَمِيعَ أَنْوَاعِهِ الْجِرِّيثَ وَالْمَارَمَاهِي وَغَيْرِهِمَا. (الاختيار لتعليل المختار ج 5 ص 15 دار الكتب)

(وَحَلَّ الْجَرَادُ) وَإِنْ مَاتَ حَتْفَ أَنْفِهِ، بِخِلَافِ السَّمَكِ (وَأَنْوَاعُ السَّمَكِ بِلَا ذَكَاةٍ) (الدر المختار من نسخة رد المحتار ج 6 ص 307 أيج أيم سعيد)

وَأما دواب الْبَحْر فانها مُحرمَة سوى السّمك بأجناسها   (النتف في الفتاوى ص 232 دار الفرقان)

[2]  أحسن الفتاوى ج 7 ص 391 أيج أيم سعيد 

This answer was collected from DarulFiqh.com, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Faraz ibn Adam al-Mahmudi, the student of world renowned Mufti Ebrahim Desai (Hafizahullah).

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