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Is it permissible to donate the umbilical cord for scientific research?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

Salaam,

Is it permissible to give the umbilical cord for stem cells or for scientific research etc?

جزاك اللهُ خيراً

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

Allah Ta’ālā says in the Quran:

وَلَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِي آدَمَ وَحَمَلْنَاهُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا تَفْضِيلًا

Translation: “And We bestowed dignity on the children of ‘Adam and provided them with rides on the land and in the sea, and provided them with a variety of good things and made them much superior to many of those We created.” [1]  

It is clear from this verse that Allah Ta’ālā has granted human beings superiority and honour above all other creations.

The use of body parts is against the honour of human beings. Accordingly, the Fuqahā have ruled that it is generally impermissible to use any part of a human being.[2]

However, there is a leeway to use body parts with conditions, due to circumstances that are recognized and valid in Shariah.

The umbilical cord is a tube-like structure that connects a foetus to the mother’s placenta. The placenta is an organ attached to the uterine wall with access to the mother’s blood supply. The umbilical cord is not an organ. It contains one vein and two arteries, housed within protective Wharton’s jelly.

Cord blood (umbilical cord blood) is blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth. Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells. These Stem cell are used to treat many diseases and sicknesses. This blood is also sometimes used for research purposes .

From the above it is clear that cord blood is the substance of benefit and not the umbilical cord itself.

If the mother of the child intends to extract the blood from the cord and placenta then prior  permission is needed. In this case, after birth the umbilical cord is clamped and cut before the baby is taken away for care. The blood is collected from the umbilical cord in a quick, painless and non-invasive procedure. The collection procedure is perfectly safe and pain-free for both mother and baby.

The medical procedure of taking blood from the umbilical cord is the same as when blood is donated. Contemporary Fuqahaa have permitted blood donation due to the following two juridical maxims:

الضرورات تبيح المحظورات

“Necessity legalizes prohibitions”

الشئ اذا ثبت، ثبت بلوازمه

“When something is established, it is established with its inherent properties”

It will be permissible to donate the blood of the umbilical cord as normal blood is donated if  there is an established need. If there is no established need then it is not permissible to donate the blood of the umbilical cord.

Accordingly, it is not permissible to donate the blood of the umbilical cord merely for research purposes or for future sicknesses. [3][4] 

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Ahmad Patel

Student Darul Iftaa

South Africa

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.


1] Surah al-Isrā (17):70

2]  ش: يتعلق بقوله: أو الآدمي، والمعنى بخلاف جلد الخنزير فإنه لا يطهر   (وحرمة الانتفاع بأجزاء الآدمي لكرامته)

بالدباغ لنجاسة عينه، وجلد الآدمي لكرامته؛ الله تعالى كرمه، وفي استعمال جلده ابتذال له   لأن

البناية شرح الهداية، ج ١، ص ٣١٢

[قال الحصكفي] وَآدَمِيٍّ     فَلَا يُدْبَغُ لِكَرَامَتِهِ، وَلَوْ دُبِغَ طَهُرَ وَإِنْ حَرُمَ اسْتِعْمَالُهُ

المحتار علي الدر المختار   ، ج ١، ص ٢٠٤، ايج ايم سعيد كمبني  رد  

3]  الضرورات تبيح المحظورات (Alal-Ashbah, 1/252)

مطلب في التداوي بالمحرم ( قوله ورده في البدائع إلخ ) قدمنا في البيع الفاسد عند قوله ولبن امرأة أن صاحب الخانية والنهاية اختارا جوازه إن علم أن فيه شفاء ولم يجد دواء غيره قال في النهاية : وفي التهذيب يجوز للعليل شرب البول والدم والميتة للتداوي إذا أخبره طبيب مسلم أن فيه شفاءه ولم يجد من المباح ما يقوم مقامه ، وإن قال الطبيب يتعجل شفاؤك به فيه وجهان ، وهل يجوز شرب العليل من الخمر للتداوي فيه وجهان وهل يجوز شرب العليل من الخمر للتداوي فيه وجهان ، وكذا ذكره الإمام التمرتاشي وكذا في الذخيرة وما قيل إن الاستشفاء بالحرام حرام غير مجرى على إطلاقه وأن الاستشفاء بالحرام إنما لا يجوز إذا لم يعلم أن فيه شفاء أما إن علم وليس له دواء غيره يجوز ومعنى قول ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه لم يجعل شفاؤكم فيما حرم عليكم يحتمل أن يكون قال ذلك في داء عرف له دواء غير المحرم لأنه حينئذ يستغني بالحلال عن الحرام ويجوز أن يقال تنكشف الحرمة عند الحاجة فلا يكون الشفاء بالحرام وإنما يكون بالحلال ا هـ

المحتار علي الدر المختار   ، ج 6، ص 389، ايج ايم سعيد كمبني  رد  

4] اللحم ( نجس ) نجاسةً مُخففة ، وطهرَهُ مُحَمّاً ( ولا يُشرب بولة ( أصلا ) لا للتُدّاوي ولا ( وول مأول ) ( قال الحصكفي [ 15 ] القره د أبي حنيفة . أختلف في التداوي بالمحرم وظاهر المذهب المنغ كما في رضاع البحر ، لكن نقل المصنف تُمَة وهنا عن الحاوي : وقيل يَرْحَص إذا عُلم فيه الشفاء وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ دواء آخر كَمَا رَخَص الْحَمرّ العطشانِ وَعَلَيْهِ الفتوى ففي النهاية عن الأخيرة يجوز إن علم فيه شفاء وَلَمْ يُعلم دواء آخر . ( قوله أختَلِف في التداوي بالمحرم ) ( قال ابن عابدين : وفي الخاتية . . . أن ما فيه شفاء لا بأس به كما يحل الخمر للعطشان في الضرورة ، وكذا اختارة صاحب الهداية في التجنيس . . . وهذا ؛ لأن الحَرمة ساقطة عند الاستشفاء كحل الخمر والميتة للعطشان والجائع . اهـ من البحر . وأفاد سيدي عبد الغني أنه لا يظهر الاختلاف في كلامهم لاتفاقهم على الجواز للضرورة . . . أقول : وهو ظاهر موافق لما مر في الاستدلال ، القول الإمام : لكن قد علمت أن قول الأطباء لا يخل به العلم . والظاهر أن التجربة يُحصل بها غلبة الظنَ دُونَ اليَقين إلا أن . . . يريدوا بالعلم غلبة الظن وهو شائع في كلامهم تأمّل ( رد المحتار علي الدر المختار ، ج ۱ ، ص ۲۱۰ ، ايج ايم سعيد كمبني ) لأنه جزء آدمي والانتفاع به لغير ضرورة حرام على الصحيح شرح ( ولَمْ يُبَخ الإرضاع بعد مؤيد ) [ قال الحصكفي الوفياتية اولا يخفى أنّ النّدَاوي بالمحرم لا يجوز في ظاهر المذهب ، أصله بؤل ما يؤكل لحمُه فإنه لا يشرب أصلا . وقال ابن عابدين ( رد المحتار علي الدر المختار ، ج ۳ ، ص ۲۱۱ ، ايس ايم سعيد كمبني )

5] (Aap Ki Masaail, 9/167, Maktaba Ludhwani)

6]  جديد فقهي مسائل(15/404)

7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753204/

8] https://www.cryo-save.co.za/how-are-umbilical-cord-blood-stem-cells-collected/

 

 

 

This answer was collected from Askimam.org, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Ebrahim Desai from South Africa.

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