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Missed fasts, kaffārah

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

2007 & 2008 Ramadan,Sexual intercourse several times on several days during Ramadan, while fasting. The couple were NOT married.

2009 to 2012 Ramadan,Sexual intercourse several times on several days during Ramadan, while fasting. The couple IS married.

Both have repented (Tawba) sincerely and Inshallah will never do it again. 

In addition, both the couples when they were younger, missed several Ramadan fast intentionally without a valid reason. Also few times they thought that their fasting was broken due to bleeding and thus started eating.

The couple realises that they have to fast 60 days consecutively +1 day, but how many in total do they have to do? Inshallah, the Guy is healthy and is capable, however the wife is very weak in health, occasionally faints, is low in iron, etc. So please give a detailed solution for both. 

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa rahmatullāhi wa barakātuh.

In principle, if one did not fast in one of the days of Ramadān, meaning, he did not even make the intention to fast on that day, he will only have to make qadā’ and not kaffārah. If on the other hand, one did start the fast on a day of Ramadān, and then he deliberately broke it by sexual intercourse, eating or drinking, he will have to make both qadā’ and kaffārah.

In the situation in question, both husband and wife will have to apply their discretion to determine the number of fasts of Ramadān they did not observe or which they deliberately broke by sexual intercourse or otherwise after reaching the age of puberty.

For each of these fasts, they will have to perform one make-up (qadā’) fast. For example, if they missed or broke 20 fasts of Ramadān, they will have to perform 20 days of fast with the intention of making qadā’ of Ramadān. These fasts do not have to be performed consecutively.

As far as kaffārah is concerned, only one kaffārah will suffice for all the fasts of Ramadān that were broken by sexual intercourse, eating or otherwise, even if over multiple Ramadāns.[1]

Kaffārah equates to sixty consecutive fasts. One must choose a time when the fasts will not be interrupted by the days of ‘Īd al-Fitr or ‘Īd al-Adhā. If for any reason (besides hayd) there is an interruption in the fasts of kaffārah, one will have to restart the sixty day period.

If the wife is genuinely unable to do this, she must give sixty poor people half a sā‘ of wheat each, or its monetary equivalent.[2] Half a sā‘ of wheat is approximately 2.25 kilograms.[3] Alternatively, she may feed the same sixty poor people to their fill for two meals of a day.

And Allah Ta‘ālā Knows Best

Zameelur Rahman

Student Darul Iftaa
UK

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

www.daruliftaa.net


[1] فَإِنْ جَامَعَ فِي رَمَضَانَيْنِ فَقَدْ ذَكَرَ فِي الْكِسَائِيَّاتِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَتَيْنِ لِاعْتِبَارِ تَجَدُّدِ حُرْمَةِ الشَّهْرِ وَالصَّوْمِ وَأَكْثَرُ مَشَايِخنَا يَقُولُونَ: لَا اعْتِمَادَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةً وَاحِدَةً لِاعْتِبَارِ مَعْنَى التَّدَاخُلِ (المبسوط، دار المعرفة، ج٣ ص٧٥)

وكفت كفارة واحدة عن جماع وأكل متعدد في أيام لم يتخلله تكفير ولو من رمضانين على الصحيح (نور الإيضاح، مكتبة البشرى، ص ٢١٢)

الظاهر أن الأصح ما في مختصر الأجناس ويؤيده ما فى السراجية إذا أفطر في رمضان مرارا يكفيه كفارة واحدة وكذا لو أفطر في رمضانين وهو الأصح، والإفطار كما تكون بسائر المفطرات فكذا بالجماع فيدخل في قوله إذا أفطر كما لا يخفى…وصحح في متن مواهب الرحمن التداخل في صورة وجود الجماع في رمضانين أيضا حيث قال: وكفت عندنا كفارة واحدة عن وطيات في أيام لم يتخلل بينها تكفير ولو في رمضانين (فتاوى واحدي، ٣٢٣ – نقلا عن فتاوى دار العلوم زكريا، زمزم پبلشز، ج ٣ ص ٣٠٦)

فتاوى حقانية، جامعه دار العلوم حقانيه، ج٤ ص١٨٠
فتاوى دار العلوم زكريا، زمزم پبلشز، ج ٣ ص ٣٠٧

[2] والكفارة تحرير رقبة ولو كانت غير مؤمنة، فإن عجز عنه صام شهرين متتابعين، ليس فيهما يوم عيد ولا أيام تشريق، فإن لم يستطع الصوم أطعم ستين مسكينا يغديهم ويعشيهم غداء وعشاء مشبعين، أو غدائين أو عشائين أو عشاء وسحورا، أو يعطي كل فقير نصف صاع من بر أو دقيقه أو سويقه أو صاع تمر أو شعير أو قيمته (نور الإيضاح، مكتبة البشرى، ص ٢١١-٢)

[3] أحسن الفتاوى، سعيد، ج٤ ص٤١٦

This answer was collected from Askimam.org, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Ebrahim Desai from South Africa.

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