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Giving Zakaah on time without delay.

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Fatwa-TT.com
Question:

AssalamuAlaykum, We normally take out our Zakaat in Ramadhan for the past year. Then this money is distributed amongst the needy and Zakaat collectors for Islamic Institutes. However the money is distributed slowly throughout the year, and may take a while to share out. Is this correct according to Shari’ah?

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

Once Zakaah becomes due on one’s wealth, it should be paid without unnecessary delay. [1] The Sunnah of Rasulullah was to hasten in doing good actions. Messenger of Allah said, “Be prompt in doing good deeds (before you are overtaken) by difficulties…(Muslim)

Uqbah bin Al-Harith (Radhiallahu Anhu) said: Once I performed the ‘Asr prayer in Al-Madinah behind The Prophet . He got up quickly after finishing the prayer, and stepping over the people, went to one of the rooms of his wives. The people were startled at his haste, and when he came out and saw their astonishment at his urgency he said, “I recalled that there was left with me some gold which was meant for charity; I did not like to keep it any longer, so I gave orders that it should be distributed“. (Al-Bukhari).

While there may be a need give out one’s Zakaah gradually and it may be more useful not to give a large sum of zakaah to a poor person in one go so that he will not spend it all and be left with no money, the better solution is that the Zakaah should be taken out a year ahead, and be distributed amongst the needy. This way it will not be delayed after it has become obligatory. For example one may start to give out beforehand in the year 2016, the Zakaah that will become obligatory in Ramadhan 2017. However, upon the completion of the Zakaah year, one must recalculate his Zakaatable assets and ensure the amount of Zakaah obligatory upon him was given.

Thus, is will be better to give one’s Zakaah in advance rather than delaying it.

NB: If one gives a person or an institution his Zakaah to distribute on his behalf, then it is important to remember that till the time the distributor is in possession of that money it will be the same as if it is lying with you. Up to the time it is not distributed or used on the deserving, Zakaah will not be considered as paid.

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Mufti Arshad Ali

Darul Iftaa, Jaamia Madinatul Uloom (Trinidad)

www.fatwa-tt.com

[1] بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (2/ 3)

وَأَمَّا كَيْفِيَّةُ فَرْضِيَّتِهَا فَقَدْ اُخْتُلِفَ فِيهَا ذَكَرَ الْكَرْخِيُّ أَنَّهَا عَلَى الْفَوْرِ، وَذُكِرَ فِي الْمُنْتَقَى مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: ” إذَا لَمْ يُؤَدِّ الزَّكَاةَ حَتَّى مَضَى حَوْلَانِ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ وَأَثِمَ وَلَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ مَا صَنَعَ وَعَلَيْهِ زَكَاةُ حَوْلٍ وَاحِدٍ ” وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّ مَنْ لَمْ يُؤَدِّ الزَّكَاةَ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُهُ.

وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّ التَّأْخِيرَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَهَذَا نَصٌّ عَلَى الْفَوْرِ وَهُوَ ظَاهِرُ مَذْهَبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَذَكَرَ الْجَصَّاصُ أَنَّهَا عَلَى التَّرَاخِي وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِمَنْ عَلَيْهِ الزَّكَاةُ إذَا هَلَكَ نِصَابُهُ بَعْدَ تَمَامِ الْحَوْلِ وَالتَّمَكُّنِ مِنْ الْأَدَاءِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَضْمَنُ، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ وَاجِبَةً عَلَى الْفَوْرِ لَضَمِنَ كَمَنْ أَخَّرَ صَوْمَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عَنْ وَقْتِهِ أَنَّهُ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ.

المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (2/ 239)

لفصل الأول في كيفية وجوبها

فنقول: ذكر أبو الحسن الكرخي رحمه الله في كتابه: إنها على الفور، وذكر الحاكم الشهيد في «المنتقى» أنها على الفور عند أبي يوسف ومحمد، وفي موضع آخر في «المنتقى» أنه إذا لم يترك حتى حال عليها حولان، فقد أساء وأثم، وعن محمد إن من لم يؤد الزكاة لم تقبل شهادته، وأن التأخير لا يجوز.

ووجه ذلك: أن الأمر بالأداء إن كان معلقاً إلا أنه تعين الفور، بدليل أن الزكاة إنما وجبت لدفع حاجة الفقر، وحاجته ناجزة.

وقال أبو بكر الرازي رحمه الله: إنها تجب على التراخي، وهكذا روى ابن شجاع، والبلخي عن أصحابنا.

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 272)

وَقَدْ يُقَالُ: إنَّ قَوْلَهُ افْتِرَاضُهَا عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ مُضَافٍ أَيْ افْتِرَاضُ أَدَائِهَا، وَهُوَ مِنْ إضَافَةِ الصِّفَةِ إلَى مَوْصُوفِهَا فَيَصِيرُ الْمَعْنَى أَدَاؤُهَا الْمُفْتَرَضُ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى الْفَوْرِ: أَيْ أَنَّ أَصْلَ الْأَدَاءِ فَرْضٌ، وَكَوْنُهُ عَلَى الْفَوْرِ وَاجِبٌ، وَهَذَا مَا حَقَّقَهُ فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ مِنْ أَنَّ الْمُخْتَارَ فِي الْأُصُولِ أَنَّ مُطْلَقَ الْأَمْرِ لَا يَقْتَضِي الْفَوْرَ وَلَا التَّرَاخِيَ بَلْ مُجَرَّدَ الطَّلَبِ فَيَجُوزُ لِلْمُكَلَّفِ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا لَكِنَّ الْأَمْرَ هُنَا مَعَهُ قَرِينَةُ الْفَوْرِ إلَخْ مَا يَأْتِي (قَوْلُهُ فَيَأْثَمُ بِتَأْخِيرِهَا إلَخْ) ظَاهِرُهُ الْإِثْمُ بِالتَّأْخِيرِ وَلَوْ قَلَّ كَيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ لِأَنَّهُمْ فَسَّرُوا الْفَوْرَ بِأَوَّلِ أَوْقَاتِ الْإِمْكَانِ. وَقَدْ يُقَالُ الْمُرَادُ أَنْ لَا يُؤَخِّرَ إلَى الْعَامِ الْقَابِلِ لِمَا فِي الْبَدَائِعِ عَنْ الْمُنْتَقَى بِالنُّونِ إذَا لَمْ يُؤَدِّ حَتَّى مَضَى حَوْلَانِ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ وَأَثِمَ اهـ فَتَأَمَّلْ

This answer was collected from Fatwa-tt.com, which is operated by the Darul Iftaa of Jaamia Madinatul Uloom (Trinidad and Tobago) under the advice and guidance of Mufti Ebrahim Desai (Daamat Barakaatuhum) of South Africa.

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