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Selling before ownership

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

AlSalaamu ‘Alaykum ww Question: Is the following way of doing business halal? I have a foreign supplier who sends daily photos (online) along with item description and wholesale prices of the products they are selling. I display these photos with or without prices and customers show their interest and give their orders. I then order these same products from the supplier and pay for them (buy them). When i receive these products I inform the customers that they can come and collect and pay for the items. Is this method of business allowed in Islaam ? Jazaakum Allahu khayra.

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

In principle, it is not permissible to conclude sales on merchandise before ownership and possession of the merchandise.

We do not know what you mean by “customers show their interests and give their orders”. If you mean that you have concluded the deal with the customer and have sold the item already, then that would be impermissible as you have sold something you don’t own.[1] If you have not actually concluded the deal but are merely placing an order with the hope that the customer will purchase the item when you receive it, then that will be permissible. You cannot impose on the customer to purchase the item if the potential customer does not purchase the item you ordered at his behest.[2]    

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Checked and Approved by,

Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

__________


[1]

 سنن الترمذي ج٢ ص٥٢٥ ط دار الغرب الاسلامي

عن حكيم بن حزام قال: أتيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقلت: يأتيني الرجل يسألني من البيع ما ليس عندي، أبتاع له من السوق، ثم أبيعه؟ قال: لا تبع ما ليس عندك

 

الأصل للشيباني ج٢ ص٤٣٦ ط دار ابن حزم

وإذا باع متاع غيره ثم اشتراه أو ورثه فإن البيع الذي كان قبل ذلك لا يجوز؛ لأنه باع ما لا يملك

[2]

فقه البيوع للمفتي تقي العثماني من ص٧٧ ط مكتبة معارف القرآن

سبق منا ان البيع إنما ينعقد بصيغة تدل على انشاء العقد في الحال ولذلك لا ينعقد البيع بصيغة تتمحض للاستقبال، مثل قولنا “سوف أبيعك كذا” أو “سوف أشتري منك كذا” وإنما تنبئ هذه الصيغة عن الوعد بإنجاز البيع في المستقبل، وليس بيعا

 

عمدة القاري ج١٢ ص١٢١ ط دار إحياء التراث العربي

فجمهور العلماء منهم أبو حنيفة والشافعي وأحمد على أن إنجاز العدة مستحب، وأوجبه الحسن وبعض المالكية

This answer was collected from Askimam.org, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Ebrahim Desai from South Africa.

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