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Who can zakat be given to?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by AnswersToFatawa

Who can zakat be given to

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

Zakat can only be given to the rightful recipients of zakat. Allah Ta`ala says;

{ إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ [التوبة: 60]

Translation: Alms (zakat) are only for the poor (who have nothing or very little), the destitute (people whose total wealth is less than the value of nisaab)

One of the conditions for the validity of dispensing ones zakat is that the poor person is made the owner of the zakat money. If the poor person is not made the owner of the money, zakat will not be dispensed. Therefore, zakat cannot be used for building a masjid, madrasah or digging a well.

Intention of zakat must be made at the time of dispensing the money to the rightful recipient or while separating the zakatable amount from the rest of one’s money.

And Allah Ta`ala knows best

Hafizurrahman Fatehmahomed

Concurred by,

Mufti Hanif Patel (UK)

بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (2/ 3)

وَشُكْرُ النِّعْمَةِ فَرْضٌ عَقْلًا وَشَرْعًا وَأَدَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ إلَى الْفَقِيرِ مِنْ بَابِ شُكْرِ النِّعْمَةِ

العناية شرح الهداية (2/ 170)

لِأَنَّ الزَّكَاةَ عِبَادَةٌ فَلَا بُدَّ لَهَا مِنْ نِيَّةٍ، وَلَا مُعْتَبَرَ بِهَا إلَّا إذَا قَارَنَتْ الْعَمَلَ، فَإِنْ قَارَنَتْ الْأَدَاءَ فَظَاهِرٌ. وَإِنْ قَارَنَتْ عُزِلَ مِقْدَارُ الْوَاجِبِ فَلِمَا ذَكَرَ بِقَوْلِهِ (إلَّا أَنَّ الدَّفْعَ يَتَفَرَّقُ فَاكْتُفِيَ بِوُجُودِهَا حَالَةَ الْعَزْلِ تَيْسِيرًا) فَإِنَّا لَوْ شَرَطْنَا وُجُودَهَا عِنْدَ كُلِّ دَفْعٍ لَزِمَ الْحَرَجُ فَكَانَ كَتَقْدِيمِ النِّيَّةِ فِي الصَّوْمِ

الجوهرة النيرة على مختصر القدوري (1/ 115)

(قَوْلُهُ وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَدَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ إلَّا بِنِيَّةٍ مُقَارِنَةٍ لِلْأَدَاءِ أَوْ مُقَارَنَةٍ لِعَزْلِ مِقْدَارِ الْوَاجِبِ) لِأَنَّ الزَّكَاةَ عِبَادَةٌ فَكَانَ مِنْ شَرْطِهَا النِّيَّةُ كَالصَّلَاةِ وَالصَّوْمِ وَالْأَصْلُ فِي النِّيَّةِ الِاقْتِرَانُ إلَّا أَنَّ الدَّفْعَ يَتَفَرَّقُ فَاكْتَفَى بِوُجُودِهَا حَالَةَ الْعَزْلِ تَيْسِيرًا كَتَقْدِيمِ النِّيَّةِ فِي الصَّوْمِ وَقَوْلُهُ مُقَارِنَةٍ لِلْأَدَاءِ يَعْنِي إلَى الْفَقِيرِ أَوْ إلَى الْوَكِيلِ فَإِنَّهُ إذَا وَكَّلَ فِي أَدَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ أَجْزَأَتْهُ النِّيَّةُ عِنْدَ الدَّفْعِ إلَى الْوَكِيلِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْوِ عِنْدَ التَّوْكِيلِ وَنَوَى عِنْدَ دَفْعِ الْوَكِيلِ جَازَ وَيَجُوزُ لِلْوَكِيلِ بِأَدَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ لِأَبِيهِ وَزَوْجَتِهِ إذَا كَانُوا فُقَرَاءَ كَذَا فِي الْإِيضَاحِ.

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This answer was collected from AnswersToFatawa.com, which no longer exists. It was established by Moulana Hafizurrahman Fatehmahomed. He graduated from Jamiatul Ilm Wal Huda, Blackburn, UK with a distinction in Alimiyyah degree. He thereafter traveled to Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah, Durban, South Africa, to train as a Mufti under Mufti Ebrahim Desai (rah) and Mufti Husain Kadodia.

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