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All of the supererogatory prayers in the Shafi’i school

Answered as per Shafi'i Fiqh by Qibla.com

Answered by Shaykh Amjad Rasheed
Translated by Ruqayyah Ahdab

What is the total amount of confirmed sunnas that come before and after the prescribed prayers and optional prayer cycles (rak’ahs) according to the Shafii school?

Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

As for the optional rak’ahs that are connected with the obligatory prayers, the confirmed (mu’akkad) of it is 10 rak’ahs, and they are 2 rak’ahs before the Fajr prayer, 2 rak’ahs before the Zuhr prayer and after it, 2 rak’ahs after the Maghrib and Isha prayers each.

The unconfirmed rak’ahs in addition to the ten confirmed, are twelve in total, and they are two rak’ahs additional to the two before Zuhr and also after it, four before Asr, two before Maghrib, two after Isha, and the Jumu`ah prayer on Friday takes the same amount of voluntary rak’ahs as Zuhr does.

As for the other rak’ahs that are not tied to the obligatory prayers, there is the Witr prayer, and least of it is one raka’ah, and the most is eleven and it has also been said thirteen. Also of them is the midmorning prayer (Duha) of which the least is two rak’ahs and the most is twelve rak’ahs and it has been said eight. Also of them is the greeting of the mosque which amounts to two rak’ahs. Also of them is the prayer of those who turn to Allah (Salatul Awwabeen) which is also called the prayer of heedlessness, because of people’s obliviousness to it due to sleep or the like, and the least is two rak’ahs and the most is twenty, between Maghrib and Isha. Also of them are the two rak’ahs of entering into pilgrim sanctity (Ihram), the two rak’ahs after performing the circumambulation (Tawaf), the two rak’ahs of ablutions, the two rak’ahs of seeking guidance (Istikhara), the two rak’ahs of need, the two rak’ahs of repentance, the two rak’ahs of leaving the house and entering it, the two rak’ahs of leaving the Prophet’s mosque, the two rak’ahs of entering a land where Allah has not been worshipped, the two rak’ahs of passing through a land that has never been traveled in before, the two rak’ahs of exiting the place where one washes oneself (bathroom), the two rak’ahs in a mosque upon returning safely from a journey, the two rak’ahs before one is executed if one is able to perform them, and the two rak’ahs when a man contracts a woman in marriage and she is brought to him, for it is sunnah for both of them to pray two rak’ahs before they engage in any relations. Also from the same category is the supererogatory prayer that is not tied to a specific time or occasion, and it can be any number of rak’ahs one wishes, and the more one prays of these supererogatory prayers the better, and of them are the night-vigil (tahajjud) prayers in the night.

The entire above mentioned are those that are sunnah to pray individually.

As for what is sunnah as a group, then they are the prayer of the two Eids which are two rak’ahs respectively, the sun and moon eclipses each two rak’ahs respectively, the two rak’ahs of seeking rain, the taraweeh prayer and its least is two rak’ahs and its most is twenty. The proofs of these sunnahs are well known, which is why we will not take the time to investigate them; if any one wishes, they can look them up in “Al-Majmu'” by Imam Nawawi, and other such books of the Shafii madhab.

: أما ركعات الرواتب وهي النافلة المرتبطة بالفرائض فالمؤكدُ منها عشرُ ركعات وهي: ركعتان قبل الصبح, وركعتان قبل الظهر, وكذا بعدها وبعد المغرب والعشاء.
وغير المؤكد اثنا عشر ركعة وهي: ركعتان تزادان قبل الظهر وكذا بعدها، وأربعٌ قبل العصر, وركعتان قبل المغرب، وركعتان بعد العشاء، والجمعةُ كالظهر في عدد رواتبها.
أما غير الرواتب؛ فمنه الوتر, وأقله ركعة، وأكثره إحدى عشرة، وقيل ثلاث عشرة. ومنه الضحى، وأقلها ركعتان، وأكثرها اثنتا عشرة، وقيل ثمان. ومنه تحيةُ المسجد ركعتان. ومنه صلاة الأوابين وتسمى صلاة الغفلة لغفلة الناس عنها بسبب عَشاء أو نوم أو نحو ذلك, وأقلها ركعتان وأكثرها عشرون ركعة بين المغرب والعشاء. ومنه ركعتا الإحرام، وركعتا الطواف، وركعتا الوضوء، وركعتا الاستخارة، وركعتا الحاجة، وركعتا التوبة، وركعتان عند الخروج من المنـزل، وعند دخوله، وعند الخروج من مسجد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وعند دخول أرضٍ لم يُعبد الله فيها كدار الشرك، وعند مروره بأرض لم يمرَّ بها قطّ، ومنه ركعتان عقب الخروج من الحمام وهو مكان الغُسل، ومنه ركعتان في المسجد إذا قدم من سفره، ومنه ركعتان عند القتل إن أمكنه، ومنه ركعتان إذا عقد على امرأة وزفت إليه, إذ يسن لكل منهما قبل الوقاع أن يصلي ركعتين. ومنه النفلُ المطلقُ أي غير المتقيد بوقت أو سبب وهذا لا حصرَ لعدده وكلما زاد منه الشخص فهو حسنٌ، ومنه قيامُ الليل والتهجدُ. والمذكوراتُ كلُّها مما يُسنُّ منفرداً.
أما ما يُسنُّ جماعة فالعيدان ركعتان ركعتان، والكسوف والخسوف ركعتان ركعتان، والاستسقاء ركعتان، والتراويح وأقلها ركعتان وأكثرها عشرون ركعة.
وأدلة هذه السنن مشهورةٌ فلا نطيل بذكرها، وليراجعها مَن شاء في “المجموع” للإمام النووي، وغيره من كتب المذهب.

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