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How does one intend to fast? What are its conditions?

Answered as per Shafi'i Fiqh by Qibla.com

Answered by Shaykh Amjad Rasheed

How does one intend to fast? What are its conditions?

Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Whoever wants to fast the obligatory fast of Ramadan, it is obligatory that he intend to fast, that he specify it and that he bring to mind fasting the following day of Ramadan, and this suffices.

However, if he wants what is best and more complete, then, he should bring to mind and pronounce with his tongue, “I intend to fast tomorrow as a current performance of the obligation of Ramadan in the present year for Allah Most High.

It is also a condition for a fast of Ramadan that the intention be made at night, meaning that it is made in any part of the night, even if just before dawn, because of his saying, peace and blessings be upon him in the rigorously authenticated hadith, “Whoever does not intend the fast before dawn, has no fast.”

So from this, whoever goes to sleep without making his intention and then wakes up after dawn, there is no fast for him on that day. However, it is still obligatory for him to stay away from those things which break one’s fast, and he must also make up that fast after Ramadan.

Amjad Rasheed

[Translated by Sr. Shazia Ahmad]

السؤال: ما هي كيفيةُ نية الصوم ، وشروطها ؟ الجواب : الواجبُ على مَن أراد صومَ فرض كرمضان أن ينويَ الصوم ويُعَيِّنَه فيستحضر بقلبه: صوم غدٍ عن رمضان . فذلك يكفيه ، فإن أراد الأفضلَ والأكملَ في النية فليستحضر بقلبه ويتلفظ بلسانه فيقول :” نويتُ صومَ غدٍ عن أداء فرض رمضانِ هذه السنة لله تعالى “. ويشترطُ لصوم الفرض أن يُبيتَ النيةَ من الليل بمعنى أن تقع نيته في أيِّ جزء من أجزاء الليل ولو قبيل الفجر لقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم في الخبر الصحيح :” مَن لم يبيت الصيامَ من قبل الفجر فلا صيام له “. وعليه فمن نام من غير أن يستحضر نيةَ الصوم ولم يفق إلا بعد الفجر فلا صيام له في هذا اليوم ، لكن يجب عليه أن يمسك عن المفطرات ثم يقضي صومَ هذا اليوم بعد رمضان .

 

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