Home » Hanafi Fiqh » Qibla.com » Fasting on Fridays: Both Makeup’s & Voluntary Fasts Are Permitted

Fasting on Fridays: Both Makeup’s & Voluntary Fasts Are Permitted

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Qibla.com

Answered by Shaykh Faraz Rabbani

Are we allowed to make up fasts on Friday? I heard that if we fasted consecutively the previous days then it is allowed? Is this correct?

Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Walaikum assalam,

1. Yes, it is permitted to fast makeup’s on Friday.

2. As for voluntary fasts on Friday: they are not only permitted, but recommended in both the Hanafi and Maliki schools. [Radd al-Muhtar, al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya, Bada’i` in Hanafi fiqh; Muwatta’, al-Muntaqa and Sharh al-Kabir in Maliki fiqh]

Imam al-Haskafi (Allah have mercy on him) said in his Durr al-Mukhtar, a top commentary in Hanafi fiqh,

“The recommended fasts are fasts such as those of the ‘white days’ [of the lunar month: 13, 14, 15] of each month, and Friday even on its own [f: without a day before or after it]…”

Ibn Abidin (Allah have mercy on him) commented on this, in his Radd al-Muhtar, which is the top reference for the relied upon position in Hanafi fiqh, saying,

 (His saying ‘And Friday even on its own’)

This was mentioned explicitly in al-Nahr [f: Umar Ibn Nujaym’s very precise commentary on Nasafi’s Kanz al-Daqa’iq], as well as in al-Bahr [f: Najm al-Din Ibn Nujaym’s extensive commentary on Nasafi’s text. Najm al-Din was the older brother and teacher of Umar]. It says in al-Bahr: ‘Fasting Fridays [even] on its own is recommended according to the generality [of Hanafi scholars], like Mondays and Thursdays, though a few disliked all this.’ Al-Muhit mentions something similar, explaining that the recommendation is because these days are special, and there is no aspect of imitating other than the people of the Qibla [i.e. non-Muslims].

Therefore, that which is mentioned in [Najm al-Din Ibn Nujaym’s] al-Ashbah, and was followed [by Imam Shurunbulali] in Nur al-Idah that it is disliked to fast only Friday is a minority opinion.

It is mentioned [by Qadi Khan, the great Hanafi imam of the 6th Century AH] in al-Khaniyya, ‘There is nothing wrong with fasting Fridays according to Abu Hanifa and Muhammad, because of that which is transmitted from Ibn Abbas that he would fast Fridays and not break his fast.’” [Ibn Abidin, Radd al-Muhtar `ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar, 2.83, Bulaq ed.]

This ruling is what is mentioned in Imam Kasani’s Bada’i` al-Sana’i` (2.79), and al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya (2.201).

Imam Malik explained in his Muwatta’ that

“I have not heard anyone of the people of knowledge and understanding (fiqh) or those who are followed prohibit fasting Friday. Fasting it is good, and I have seen some of the people of knowledge fast it, and it appears to me that they used to seek it out.”

Imam al-Baji, the Maliki mujtahid said in his commentary on the Muwatta’, al-Muntaqa,

“This is that position (madhhab) of Malik (Allah have mercy on him), namely that fasting Fridays is not interdicted, and that it is permitted to fast it for one who wishes to do so, like any other day of the week, whether on its own or with other days. However, he disliked that it or other days be specifically sought out for fasts…” [Baji, al-Muntaqa Sharh al-Muwatta’, 2.86, Dar al-Kitab al-Islami ed.]

Imam Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Dasuqi explained in his supercommentary (Hashiya) on Imam Dardir al-Maliki’s Sharh al-Kabir that,

“As for fasting Fridays specifically, despite the prohibition that has been transmitted – which is the Prophet’ saying (Allah bless him & give him peace), ‘Let none of you fast Friday, unless they fast a day before it or after it,’ – this is because the prohibition is understood to be out of the fear that it become obligatory. This possibility has ended after the passing away of the Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace).” [Dasuqi, Hashiyat al-Dasuqi `ala al-Sharh al-Kabir, 1.534]

And Allah alone gives success.

Walaikum assalam,

Faraz Rabbani.

قال الإمام الحصكفي في الدر المختار:وَالْمَنْدُوبَ كَأَيَّامِ الْبِيضِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَلَوْ مُنْفَرِدًا وَعَرَفَةَ وَلَوْ لِحَاجٍّ لَمْ يُضْعِفْهُ .علّق عليه الإمام ابن عابدين في درّ المحتار:( قَوْلُهُ : وَيَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ وَلَوْ مُنْفَرِدًا ) صَرَّحَ بِهِ فِي النَّهْرِ وَكَذَا فِي الْبَحْرِ فَقَالَ : إنَّ صَوْمَهُ بِانْفِرَادِهِ مُسْتَحَبٌّ عِنْدَ الْعَامَّةِ كَالِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسِ وَكَرِهَ الْكُلَّبَعْضُهُمْ ا هـ وَمِثْلُهُ فِي الْمُحِيطِ مُعَلَّلًا بِأَنَّ لِهَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ فَضِيلَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي صَوْمِهَاتَشَبُّهٌ بِغَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ فمَا فِي الْأَشْبَاهِ وَتَبِعَهُ فِي نُورِ الْإِيضَاحِ مِنْ كَرَاهَةِ إفْرَادِهِبِالصَّوْمِ قَوْلُ الْبَعْضِ وَفِي الْخَانِيَّةِ وَلَا بَأْسَ بِصَوْمِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَوَمُحَمَّدٍ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ وَلَا يُفْطِرُ . ا هـ .قال إمام دار الهجرة مالك بن أنس (رحمه الله تعالى) في الموطّأ:( ص ) : ( وَسَمِعْت مَالِكًا يَقُولُ لَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَالْفِقْهِ وَمَنْ يُقْتَدَى بِهِ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمِالْجُمُعَةِ وَصِيَامُهُ حَسَنٌ , وَقَدْ رَأَيْت بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَصُومُهُ وَأَرَاهُ كَانَ يَتَحَرَّاهُ ) .قال الإمام الباجي في شرحه المنتقى: 2/76 (ط دار الكتاب الإسلامي)( ش ) : هَذَا مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ رحمه الله أَنَّ صِيَامَ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ لَيْسَ بِمَمْنُوعٍ وَأَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ صَوْمُهُلِمَنْ أَرَادَ صِيَامَهُ , وَكَذَلِكَ سَائِرُ أَيَّامِ الْأُسْبُوعِ مُفْرَدًا وَمُتَّصِلًا بِغَيْرِهِ إلَّا أَنَّهُ يَكْرَهُ أَنْيَتَحَرَّى هَذَا وَغَيْرَهُ بِغَيْرِ صِيَامٍ وَالْأَصْلُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ قُلْتلِعَائِشَةَ { هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَخْتَصُّ مِنْ الْأَيَّامِ شَيْئًا قَالَتْ لَاكَانَ عَمَلُهُ دِيمَةً } . وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ عَلَىنَفْسِهِ صِيَامَ يَوْمٍ يُؤَقِّتُهُ أَوْ شَهْرٍ وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا رِوَايَةً عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي الْمَنْعِ مِنْقَصْدِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ بِالصَّوْمِ وَمَنَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ صِيَامَ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَصِلْهُ بِصِيَامٍ قَبْلَهُوَلَا بَعْدَهُ وَجْهُ مَا قَالَهُ مَالِكٌ أَنَّ هَذَا يَوْمٌ مِنْ الْأُسْبُوعِ فَجَازَ إفْرَادُهُ بِالصَّوْمِ كَغَيْرِهِ مِنْالْأَيَّامِ , وَأَمَّا الشَّافِعِيُّ فَتَعَلَّقَ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا رَوَى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلىالله عليه وسلم { لَا يَصُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إلَّا أَنْ يَصُومَ قَبْلَهُ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ بِيَوْمٍ }وَالْحَدِيثُ صَحِيحٌ وَالتَّعَلُّقُ وَاجِبٌ وَلَعَلَّهُ مَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ .قال الإمام الكاساني في بدائع الصنائع: 2/79 وَكَرِهَ بَعْضُهُمْ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ بِانْفِرَادِهِ , وَكَذَا يَوْمُ الِاثْنَيْنِ, وَالْخَمِيسِ , وَقَالَ عَامَّتُهُمْ : إنَّهُ مُسْتَحَبٌّ لِأَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامَ مِنْالْأَيَّامِ الْفَاضِلَةِ فَكَانَ تَعْظِيمُهَا بِالصَّوْمِ مُسْتَحَبًّا ,قال ابن نجَيم في البحر الرائق: 2/278 بِخِلَافِ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَإِنَّ صَوْمَهُ بِانْفِرَادِهِ مُسْتَحَبٌّ عِنْدَ الْعَامَّةِكَالِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسِ و نقل نصّ البحر في الفتاوى الهندية: 1/201قال الإمام الدردير في الشرح الكبير: ( وَ )صَوْمُ يَوْمِ ( جُمُعَةٍ فَقَطْ ) لَا قَبْلَهُ يَوْمٌ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ يَوْمٌأَيْ يُنْدَبُ فَإِنْ ضَمَّ إلَيْهِ آخَرَ فَلَا خِلَافَ فِي نَدْبِهِ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْجَوَازِ هُنَاالنَّدْبُ ; لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَنَا صَوْمٌ مُسْتَوِي الطَّرَفَيْنِقال الإمام محمد بن أحمد الدسوقي في حاشيته: 1/534 , وَأَمَّا صَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ بِخُصُوصِهَا مَعَ وُرُودِ النَّهْيِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ,وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ عليه الصلاة والسلام { وَلَا يَصُومَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إلَّا أَنْ يَصُومَيَوْمًا قَبْلَهُ أَوْ يَوْمًا بَعْدَهُ } فَمَحَلُّ النَّهْيِ عَلَى خَوْفِ فَرْضِهِ وَقَدْ انْتَفَتْ هَذِهِ الْعِلَّةُبِوَفَاتِهِ عليه الصلاة والسلام ( قَوْلُهُ وَجَازَ لَهُ ) أَيْ لِلصَّائِمِ 

This answer was indexed from Qibla.com, which used to have a repository of Islamic Q&A answered by various scholars. The website is no longer in existence. It has now been transformed into a learning portal with paid Islamic course offering under the brand of Kiflayn.