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My mother can stand and bow but not prostrate, how should she pray?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Qibla.com

Answered by Shaykh Faraz Rabbani

My mother can stand and bow but not prostrate– due to an operation she had… Should she do the whole prayer sitting, or stand for what she can and then sit in a chair when she needs to do sujud?

Answer:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Walaikum assalam wa rahmatullah,

In the Hanafi school, if one is able to stand but not to prostrate, then it is recommended and best to pray sitting, with head movements. [As mentioned in the essential texts of the school, such as Imam Nasafi’s Kanz al-Daqa’iq] However, if one prays standing, with head movements, it is also valid. [Hindiyya, 1.136, quoting Qadikhan] This is confirmed in Ibn Abidin’s Radd al-Muhtar.

Imam Zayla`i explained this in his commentary on the Kanz, Tabyin al-Haqa’iq by saying that this is because

“Standing is a means to prostration, so it is not obligatory without it.” [1.202]

He then explains that it is best for this sitting to be on the ground, because it is closer to prostration, which is the essence of prayer.

Wassalam,
Faraz Rabbani

 قال الإمام الزيلعي في تبيين الحقائق شرح كنز الدقائق للإمام النسفي: (1/202)قَالَ رحمه الله ( , وَإِنْ تَعَذَّرَ الرُّكُوعُ وَالسُّجُودُ لَا الْقِيَامُ أَوْمَأَ قَاعِدًا ) وَقَالَ زُفَرُ وَالشَّافِعِيُّ يُصَلِّي قَائِمًا بِالْإِيمَاءِ ; لِأَنَّ الْقِيَامَ رُكْنٌ فَلَا يَسْقُطُ بِالْعَجْزِ عَنْ أَدَاءِ رُكْنٍ آخَرَ وَلَنَا أَنَّ الْمَقْصُودَ الْخُضُوعُ وَالْخُشُوعُ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى وَإِنَّمَا يَحْصُلُ ذَلِكَ بِالرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ , وَالْقِيَامُ وَسِيلَةٌ إلَى السُّجُودِ فَلَا يَجِبُ بِدُونِهِ , وَهَذَا ; لِأَنَّ التَّوَاضُعَ يُوجَدُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَنِهَايَتُهُ تُوجَدُ فِي السُّجُودِ ; وَلِهَذَا لَوْ سَجَدَ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى يَكْفُرُ وَالْقِيَامُ وَسِيلَةٌ إلَى السُّجُودِ فَصَارَ تَبَعًا لَهُ فَسَقَطَ بِسُقُوطِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا شُرِعَ السُّجُودُ بِدُونِ الْقِيَامِ كَسَجْدَةِ التِّلَاوَةِ وَلَمْ يُشْرَعْ الْقِيَامُ بِدُونِ السُّجُودِ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَتَعَقَّبْهُ السُّجُودُ لَا يَكُونُ رُكْنًا فَيَتَخَيَّرُ بَيْنَ الْإِيمَاءِ قَاعِدًا وَبَيْنَ الْإِيمَاءِ قَائِمًا , وَالْأَفْضَلُ هُوَ الْإِيمَاءُ قَاعِدًا إلَّا أَنَّهُ أَشْبَهُ بِالسُّجُودِ لِكَوْنِ رَأْسِهِ فِيهِ أَخْفَضَ وَأَقْرَبَ إلَى الْأَرْضِ , وَهُوَ الْمَقْصُود وَقَالَ خُوَاهَرْ زَادَهْ يُومِئُ لِلرُّكُوعِ قَائِمًا وَلِلسُّجُودِ قَاعِدًا .في الفتاوى الهندية: 1/136وَإِنْ عَجَزَ عَنْ الْقِيَامِ وَالرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ وَقَدَرَ عَلَى الْقُعُودِ يُصَلِّي قَاعِدًا بِإِيمَاءٍ وَيَجْعَلُ السُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنْ الرُّكُوعِ , كَذَا فِي فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانْ حَتَّى لَوْ سَوَّى لَمْ يَصِحَّ , كَذَا فِي الْبَحْرِ الرَّائِقِ . وَكَذَا لَوْ عَجَزَ عَنْ الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ وَقَدَرَ عَلَى الْقِيَامِ فَالْمُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قَاعِدًا بِإِيمَاءٍ وَإِنْ صَلَّى قَائِمًا بِإِيمَاءٍ جَازَ عِنْدَنَا , هَكَذَا فِي فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانْ

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