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I’tikaaf of someone who cannot fast.

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Fatwa-TT.com

Question:

In our Masjid there is only one individual who is ready to spend I’tikaaf on a full time basis. The only problem though is he cannot fast because of a chronic disease. My question is, would it suffice if such a person spends I’tikaaf.

Answer:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

According to the Hanafi Jurists, I’tikaaf during the last ten days and nights of Ramadhan is Sunnah Mu’akkadah ala al-Kifaayah i.e. if a least one legible person observes the I’tikaaf the other residents of the town would be absolved of that responsibility and if no one observes the I’tikaaf everyone in the town would be held accountable.

Firstly, the Jurists have stated that fasting is a condition for the validity of the Sunnah I’tikaaf.[1] Therefore, if a person cannot fast for whatever reason he cannot observe the Sunnah I’tikaaf. He may however, remain in the Masjid for the last ten days in acts of worship which would earn him enormous amount of rewards, except that his I’tikaaf would be regarded as Nafl, which means that he has no limitations and restrictions with regards to leaving the Masjid.

Secondly, if one person in a particular town observes the I’tikaaf everyone else would be absolved of that religious duty. This does not mean that it is obligatory upon the members of every Masjid of that town to appoint someone to observe I’tikaaf during the last ten days of Ramadhan. In Trinidad, there are many Masaajid located in one town. Therefore if I’tikaaf is observed in one Masjid of a particular town then everyone in that town would be absolved of this religious duty.[2]

Alaamah Ibn Abideen mentions in his commentary of adDur al-Mukhtar (Chapter of I’tikaaf) that; I’tikaaf in the last ten days of Ramadhan being Sunnah Mu’akkadah ala al-Kifaayah is identical to Salah at-Tarawih performed with congregation in the Masjid i.e Mu’akkadah ala al-Kifaayah, which means that if performed by a few the rest would be absolved from the obligation.

[3] (قوله أي سنة كفاية) نظيرها إقامة التراويح بالجماعة فإذا قام بها البعض سقط الطلب عن الباقين

What is meant by “the rest”? Does it imply the rest of the people in all the other Masaajid of that particular country, or the rest of the people in each Masjid or the rest of the people in a particular town? Ibn Abideen states (in chapter of Witr and Nawafil) that; what is evident to him (regarding Salah at-Tarawih performed with congregation in the Masjid) is the third view i.e. if a some people in one Masjid of a particular town performs it the rest of the town would be absolved.

وهل المراد أنها سنة كفاية لأهل كل مسجد من البلدة أو مسجد واحد منها أو من المحلة؟ ظاهر كلام الشارح الأول. واستظهر ط (الطحطاوي)الثاني. ويظهر لي الثالث، لقول المنية: حتى لو ترك أهل محلة كلهم الجماعة فقد تركوا السنة وأساءوا. اهـ [4]

NB: Regarding the Sunnah I’tikaaf, one person would suffice, a Jama’ah (group), is not a condition.

NB: Despite the fact that a community may be absolved of such a responsibility, every effort should be made to spend the Sunnah I’tikaaf as it is a great act of worship. Its importance and significance is illustrated by the fact that the Holy Prophet observed it every Ramadhan until he passed away.

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Mufti Kaleem Muhammad

Darul Iftaa, Jaamia Madinatul Uloom

Trinidad, West Indies

www.fatwa-tt.com

[1] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 442)

قلت: ومقتضى ذلك أن الصوم شرط أيضا في الاعتكاف المسنون لأنه مقدر بالعشر الأخير حتى لو اعتكفه بلا صوم لمرض أو سفر، ينبغي أن لا يصح عنه بل يكون نفلا فلا تحصل به إقامة سنة الكفاية ويؤيده قول الكنز

[2] مجمع الأنهر في شرح ملتقى الأبحر (1/ 255)

(سنة مؤكدة) مطلقا وقيل في العشر الأخير من رمضان لمواظبته – عليه الصلاة والسلام – على ذلك منذ قدم إلى المدينة حتى قبض وقضائه في شوال حين ترك وقيل مستحب وقيل سنة على الكفاية حتى لو ترك أهل بلدة بأسرهم يلحقهم الإساء وإلا فلا كالتأذين

درر الحكام شرح غرر الأحكام (1/ 212)

 (قوله وسنة مؤكدة في العشر الأخير) أي سنة كفاية للإجماع على عدم ملامة بعض أهل بلد إذا أتى به بعض منهم في العشر الأخير من رمضان كذا في البرهان

[3] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 442)

 

[4] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 45)

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (1/ 552)

(قوله سنة كفاية) أي على كل أهل محلة، لما في منية المصلي من بحث التراويح، من أن إقامتها بالجماعة سنة على سبيل الكفاية حتى لو ترك أهل محلة، كلهم الجماعة فقد تركوا السنة وأساءوا في ذلك

This answer was collected from Fatwa-tt.com, which is operated by the Darul Iftaa of Jaamia Madinatul Uloom (Trinidad and Tobago) under the advice and guidance of Mufti Ebrahim Desai (Daamat Barakaatuhum) of South Africa.

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