Answer
(Fatwa: 1443/240=TL/1429)
Buying and selling shares is allowed with the below conditions: (a) the company should not be involved haram transactions (b) the assets of the company are not only in cash rather it has some frozen assets too like building, land or it has actually started business and this is known surely. Otherwise, buying and selling shares with difference is haram. (c) Having joined the company if it is known that the company is involved in some interest-based transactions, one should raise voice against it in annual meetings. (d) while receiving dividends, the interest part of the profit should be distributed in the poor without any intention of reward. (e) by buying and selling shares one should aim at partnership instead of earning profit by levelling the difference (in which neither the shares are possessed nor the possession is meant); since it is like satta which is haram. (For detail see: Fiqhi Maqalat, by Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani)
Allah (Subhana Wa Ta’ala) knows Best
Darul Ifta,
Darul Uloom Deoband