Home » Hanafi Fiqh » Askimam.org » The question now is, what are the correct Masarif for such collections like zakah lillah sadaqa etc? People don’t know the difference between them so at times, people use such collections in the wrong manner. …

The question now is, what are the correct Masarif for such collections like zakah lillah sadaqa etc? People don’t know the difference between them so at times, people use such collections in the wrong manner. …

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

On donation boxes in various Masjids, they have written on them the following words:

Zakah
Sadaqah
General Donation
Lillah

The question now is, what are the correct Masarif for such collections?  People don’t know the difference between them so at times, people use such collections in the wrong manner.  Even in our Masjid, people don’t know the difference between Sadaqah collections (Nafil/Wajib) and Zakat collections and the General Donation collections.  So a good write up on it would be beneficial for Muslims across the world. 

It doesn’t have to be really detailed….but something which would suffice to clarify the confusion. 

Answer

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful


Assalaamu `alaykum waRahmatullahi Wabarakatuh

When Masjid congregants place their money in donation boxes, they give the money as an amānah (trust) to the Masjid committee members.  It is necessary for the Masjid committee members to spend this money in its proper causes in a timely manner.  In order to ensure this, first, the Masjid committee members should label the donation boxes properly.  We recommend that donation boxes in the Masjids have the following labels on them:

  1. Zakāh/Fitr
    1. Money donated from zakāh and sadaqat al-fitr. 
    2. This money has to be given in the ownership of needy persons who are non-Sayyid (those from the Banī Hāshim lineage).
  2. Sadaqah
    1. Money donated for the pleasure of Allāh (“Lillāh“) and intended for the poor.  However, the term “sadaqah” also applies to money donated for any noble cause.  Often, people give sadaqah with the intention of their money reaching the poor when faced with any difficulty, worry, or affliction.
    2. It is not necessary to give sadaqah in the ownership of the poor and both, Sayyids and non-Sayyids, are valid recipients of it.  Since the general understanding (‘urf) of the people is that sadaqah is meant for the poor, it is not correct for the Masjid committees to utilize this money for any other noble cause. 
  3. Masjid
    1. General donations intended to help the Masjid in its expenses. 
    2. This is also a type of sadaqah, but its use has been specified by the donator.  Therefore, money donated in this box should only be spent on Masjid expenses.

Next, Masjid committee members should make sure that they withdraw money from the correct donation boxes depending on where they intend to spend it.  The following chart, especially if posted in the office of the relevant committee member(s), might be helpful:

Zakāh/Fitr

Sadaqah

Masjid

Poor

X

X

Debtors

X

X

Charities

X

Qard Hasanah

X

Utilities

X

Wages

X

Construction/Renovation

X

Sunday School

X

The above is in no way an exhaustive list of where Masjids could spend money.  The Masjid committee members should consult with their local ‘Ālim to add to the list and mark which donation box the money should be used from.  In this manner, there will be no ambiguity as to where money from each donation box is to be spent.

إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (التوبة: 60)

وإذا صرف الصدقة إلى صنف واحد من هذه الأصناف أو صرفها إلى واحد بأن أعطى مسكيناً واحداً أو فقيراً واحداً أجزأه عندنا

(المحيط البرهاني، كتاب الزكاة، الفصل الثامن: 3/210؛ إدارة)

ولا يدفع إلى بني هاشم وهم آل علي وآل عباس وآل جعفر وآل عقيل وآل الحارث بن عبد المطلب كذا في الهداية ويجوز الدفع إلى من عداهم من بني هاشم كذرية أبي لهب لأنهم لم يناصروا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كذا في السراج الوهاج هذا في الواجبات كالزكاة والنذر والعشر والكفارة فأما التطوع فيجوز الصرف إليهم كذا في الكافي

(الفتاوى العالمكيرية، كتاب الزكاة، الباب السابع: 1/189؛ رشيدية)

ولا يجوز أن يبني بالزكاة المسجد وكذا القناطر والسقايات وإصلاح الطرقات وكري الأنهار والحج والجهاد وكل ما لا تمليك فيه ولا يجوز أن يكفن بها ميت ولا يقضى بها دين الميت كذا في التبيين

(المرجع السابق: 1/188؛ رشيدية)

(وصدقة الفطر كالزكاة في المصارف) وفي كل حال (إلا في) جواز (الدفع إلى الذمي) وعدم سقوطها بهلاك المال وقد مر

قال الإمام ابن عابدين في حاشيته:

قوله (وفي كل حال)…المراد في أحوال الدفع إلى المصارف من اشتراط النية واشتراط التمليك فلا تكفي الإباحة كما في البدائع

(رد المحتار، كتاب الزكاة، باب صدقة الفطر: 2/369؛ سعيد)

(وجازت التطوعات من الصدقات و) غلة (الأوقاف لهم) أي لبني هاشم

قال الإمام ابن عابدين في حاشيته:

قوله ( وجازت التطوعات الخ ) قيد بها ليخرج بقية الواجبات كالنذر والعشر والكفارات وجزاء الصيد إلا خمس الركاز

(المرجع السابق، باب المصرف: 2/351؛ سعيد)

والصدقة: ما أعطيته في ذات الله للفقراء

(لسان العرب، حرف الصاد: 4/26؛ صادر)

And Allah knows best

Wassalamu Alaikum

Ml. Abrar Mirza,
Student Darul Iftaa

Checked and Approved by:

Mufti Ebrahim Desai
Darul Iftaa, Madrassah In’aamiyyah

Original Source Link

This answer was collected from Askimam.org, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Ebrahim Desai from South Africa.

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