My father passed away recently leaving behind the following relatives.
1.wife
2.one son
3.six daughters
4.mother
5. Four brothers
6.two sisters
Relationship mentioned is of my father.
I want to know how will be the inheritance distributed according to sharia law? . He left a farming land in inheritance.
He transferred the ownership of his house to his only son and instructed his son to pay his daughter, this was during his life. Son has paid the amount as instructed. Is this transfer of ownership valid?
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
According to the Islamic Law of Succession and Inheritance, distribution of an estate will only commence after funeral expenses, debts (including legal costs) and bequests (if any) made to non-heirs – which will not exceed one-third (1/3) of the Estate after debts and funeral expenses have been settled. Thereafter, all assets form part of the Net Estate and will have to be distributed according to the Islamic Law of Succession and Inheritance.
The farming land and all other assets owned by the deceased will belong to all the heirs in proportion to the percentages outlined below.
|
Beneficiaries |
Share portfolio |
Share percentage |
|
Wife[1] |
24/192 |
16.67% |
|
Son[2] |
34/192 |
17.71% |
|
6 Daughters |
102/192 |
53.12% |
|
Mother[3] |
32/192 |
12.5% |
|
4 Brothers[4] |
Deprived |
– |
|
2 Sisters |
Deprived |
– |
|
Total |
1y92/192 |
100% |
The issue of the house is unclear. We assume your father instructed you to pay your sister in exchange of her share of the house.
If our understanding is correct, then there has been at least a valid purchase and sale agreement with your father.[5]
The transfer of the house on your name is a valid possession. The house does not form part of the estate. If our assumption is incorrect, then explain in detail. [6]
.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Ridwaan ibn Khalid Esmail (Kasak)
Student Darul Iftaa
Katete, Zambia
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
[1] According to Shari’ah, if the man passes away leaving his wife with children, the wife gets one eighth of the estate.
(Surah Nisa: Ayah 11
فان كان لكم ولد فلهن الثمن مما تركتم من بعد وصيت تصون بها اودين
Kitaabul Meerath PG.72
[2] لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۚ (Surah Nisa verse 10)
for a male there is a share equal to that of two females.
Daughters in the presence of the son get half the share of the son
Kitaabul Meerath PG.74
[3] Mother in the presence of the children of the deceased gets one sixth of the estate.
و لأبيه لكل واحد منهما السادس مما ترك ان كان له ولد
Kitaabul Meerath PG.73
[4] Brothers and sisters: They are deprived in the presence of the children of the deceased.
Kitaabul Meerath PG.78
[5] لنهر الفائق شرح كنز الدقائق (3/ 337)
كتاب البيوع
هو مبادلة المال بمال بالتراضي ويلزم بإيجاب وقبول
العناية شرح الهداية (6/ 248)
البيع ينعقد بالإيجاب والقبول
العناية شرح الهداية (6/ 248)
الانعقاد هاهنا تعلق كلام أحد العاقدين بالآخر شرعا على وجه يظهر أثره في المحل. والإيجاب الإثبات. ويسمى ما تقدم من كلام العاقدين إيجابا لأنه يثبت للآخر خيار القبول، فإذا قبل يسمى كلامه قبولا وحينئذ لا خفاء في وجه تسمية الكلام المتقدم إيجابا والمتأخر قبولا. وشرطه أن يكون الإيجاب والقبول بلفظين
العناية شرح الهداية (6/ 249)
ماضيين مثل أن يقول الموجب بعت والمجيب اشتريت لأن البيع إنشاء تصرف شرعي، وكل ما هو كذلك فهو يعرف بالشرع، فالبيع يعرف بهس
[6]درر الحكام في شرح مجلة الأحكام– ج 3- ص 381 – مكتبه رشيديه
( الْمَادَّةُ 861 ) – ( يَمْلِكُ الْمَوْهُوبُ لَهُ بِالْقَبْضِ الْمَوْهُوبَ ) .
يَمْلِكُ الْمَوْهُوبُ لَهُ بِطَرِيقِ الْهِبَةِ الْمَوْهُوبَ بَعْدَ الْإِيجَابِ وَقَبْضُ الْمَوْهُوبِ بِالذَّاتِ أَوْ بِوَاسِطَةِ نَائِبِهِ مِلْكًا غَيْرَ لَازِمٍ ( الْهِدَايَةُ ) فَإِذَا كَانَ الْمَوْهُوبُ لَهُ وَاحِدًا مَلَكَهُ مُسْتَقِلًّا وَإِذَا كَانَ مُتَعَدِّدًا فَيَمْلِكُونَهُ بِالِاشْتِرَاكِ وَهَذَا الْمِلْكُ لَيْسَ مُسْتَحِقَّ السَّلَامَةِ .
فتاوى محموديه – ج 20 – ص 192 – 193 – دارالافتاء جامعه فاروقيه – كراجي
درر الحكام شرح غرر الأحكام (2/ 142)
الْبُيُوعِ (هُوَ) أَيْ الْبَيْعُ الَّذِي دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الْبُيُوعُ لُغَةً مُبَادَلَةُ مَالٍ بِمَالٍ مُطْلَقًا