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Is it permissible to lease a hotel room for two hours

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by AnswersToFatawa

Assalam alaykum

mufti sahib

hope this email reaches you in the best of health and iman. my friend father died and left a hotel for him. the operating hours of the hotel also includes a 2 hour period.  meaning:  people can rent a  room for 2 hours only. the guy was told to avoid encouraging sin, he should rent rooms only for 24 hours, one week, one month etc. can you give your advice/fatwa on “the rental on hotels and guesthouse”. please.

jazakallah in advance

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

In principle, for the validity of a lease, the period of lease and the rental must be determined in clear terms. Therefore, leasing a property for two hours is valid[1]. However, if it is  known that a property leased for two hours will be used for committing immorality, then it should not be leased out to such a person as that will be aiding in sin[2]. Allah Ta`ala says:

{وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ} [المائدة: 2]

“Do not assist each other in sin and transgression” (Surah Maa`idah, v2).

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Hafizurrahman Fatehmahomed

Student Darul Iftaa
Netherlands

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai

Rules pertaining to lease

Below we present some of the main rules of ijarah.

  1. Leasing is a contract where the usufruct is transferred to another person for an agreed period of time for an agreed consideration.
  2. The subject of lease must have a valuable use
  3. For a valid lease the corpus of the leased property must remain in the ownership of the seller. Therefore, lease cannot be effected in respect of money, eatables, fuel, ammunition etc because their use is not possible without being consumed.
  4. Because the property remains in the ownership of the lessor, all liabilities emerging from the ownership will be borne by the lessor, but the liabilities referable to the use of the property shall be borne by the lessee.

For example: the taxes referable ta the property will be borne by the lessor and the water, electricity bill and all bills relating to the use of the house will be borne by the lessee.

  1. The period of lease must be determined in clear terms
  2. The lessee cannot use the property for any other purpose specified in the lease agreement.
  3. The lessee is liable to compensate the lessor for every harm to the leased asset caused by any misuse or negligence on the part of the lessee
  4. The leased asset shall remain in the risk of the lessor throughout the leased period
  5. A property jointly owned can be leased, the rental shall be distributed
  6. A joint owner can lease his share only to his co-sharer and not to any other person
  7. The asset must be fully identified

Determination of rental

  1. The rental must be determined at the time of contract
  2. Different amounts of rent can be fixed for different phases provided that the amount for each phase is specifically agreed upon at the time of effecting the lease
  3. The lessor cannot increase the rent unilaterally any agreement to this effect is void
  4. Rent can be paid before delivery of the asset to the lessee, but that amount shall remain with the lessor as on account payment
  5. The lease shall commence from the date the leased asset has been delivered no matter whether the lessee used it or not
  6. If the leased asset has totally lost the function for which it was leased, and no repair is possible, the lease shall terminate on that very day.

[1]

اجارہ میں مدت کی تعیین ضروری ہے، مدت کی وہ جہالت جو مفضی الی المنازعہ ہو وہ مفسد عقد ہے – ہاں جو مفضی الی النزاع نہیں وہ مفسد عقد نہیں ہے – (فتاوی دار العلوم زکریا، ج5، ص603-604 )

البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق ومنحة الخالق وتكملة الطوري (8/ 4)

(وَالْمَنْفَعَةُ تُعْلَمُ بِبَيَانِ الْمُدَّةِ كَالسُّكْنَى وَالزِّرَاعَةِ فَتَصِحُّ عَلَى مُدَّةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ) أَيِّ مُدَّةٍ كَانَتْ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُدَّةَ إذَا كَانَتْ مَعْلُومَةً كَانَتْ الْمَنْفَعَةُ مَعْلُومَةً فَيَجُوزُ طَالَتْ الْمُدَّةُ أَوْ قَصُرَتْ أَوْ تَأَخَّرَتْ بِأَنْ كَانَتْ مُضَافَةً أَوْ تَقَدَّمَتْ بِأَنْ كَانَتْ مُتَّصِلَةً بِوَقْتِ الْعَقْدِ؛ وَلِأَنَّ الْمَنَافِعَ لَا تَصِيرُ مَعْلُومَةً إلَّا بِضَرْبِ الْمُدَّةِ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَ إلَى مُدَّةٍ لَا يَعِيشُ إلَيْهَا عَادَةً؛ لِأَنَّ الْغَالِبَ كَالْمُتَحَقِّقِ فِي حَقِّ الْأَحْكَامِ فَصَارَ كَالثَّابِتِ بَعْدُ فَلَا تَجُوزُ وَبِهِ كَانَ يُفْتِي الْقَاضِي أَبُو عِصْمَةَ وَبَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ فَيَجُوزُ ضَرْبُ الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي لَا يَعِيشُ إلَى مِثْلِهَا وَمِنْهُمْ الْخَصَّافُ

بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (4/ 181)

وَمِنْهَا: بَيَانُ الْمُدَّةِ فِي إجَارَةِ الدُّورِ وَالْمَنَازِلِ، وَالْبُيُوتِ، وَالْحَوَانِيتِ، وَفِي اسْتِئْجَارِ الظِّئْرِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَعْقُودَ عَلَيْهِ لَا يَصِيرُ مَعْلُومَ الْقَدْرِ بِدُونِهِ، فَتَرْكُ بَيَانِهِ يُفْضِي إلَى الْمُنَازَعَةِ، وَسَوَاءٌ قَصُرَتْ الْمُدَّةُ أَوْ طَالَتْ مِنْ يَوْمٍ أَوْ شَهْرٍ أَوْ سَنَةٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَتْ مَعْلُومَةً، وَهُوَ أَظْهَرُ أَقْوَالِ الشَّافِعِيِّ.

وَفِي بَعْضِهَا أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ سَنَةٍ، وَفِي بَعْضِهَا أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً، وَالْقَوْلَانِ لَا مَعْنَى لَهُمَا؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَانِعَ إنْ كَانَ هُوَ الْجَهَالَةَ فَلَا جَهَالَةَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَدَمَ الْحَاجَةِ فَالْحَاجَةُ قَدْ تَدْعُو إلَى ذَلِكَ، وَسَوَاءٌ عَيَّنَ الْيَوْمَ أَوْ الشَّهْرَ أَوْ السَّنَةَ أَوْ لَمْ يُعَيِّنْ

فتح القدير للكمال ابن الهمام (9/ 63)

(وَالْمَنَافِعُ تَارَةً تَصِيرُ مَعْلُومَةً بِالْمُدَّةِ كَاسْتِئْجَارِ الدُّورِ، لِلسُّكْنَى وَالْأَرْضِينَ لِلزِّرَاعَةِ فَيَصِحُّ الْعَقْدُ عَلَى مُدَّةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ أَيِّ مُدَّةٍ كَانَتْ) ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُدَّةَ إذَا كَانَتْ مَعْلُومَةً كَانَ قَدْرُ الْمَنْفَعَةِ فِيهَا مَعْلُومًا إذَا كَانَتْ الْمَنْفَعَةُ لَا تَتَفَاوَتُ. وَقَوْلُهُ أَيِّ مُدَّةٍ كَانَتْ إشَارَةً إلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ طَالَتْ الْمُدَّةُ أَوْ قَصُرَتْ لِكَوْنِهَا مَعْلُومَةً وَلِتَحَقُّقِ الْحَاجَةِ إلَيْهَا عَسَى،

النتف في الفتاوى للسغدي (2/ 571)

احدها ان يستأجرها يَوْمًا وَاحِدًا اَوْ اياما مَعْدُودَة اَوْ شهرا وَاحِدًا اَوْ أشهرا مَعْدُودَة اَوْ سنة وَاحِدَة اَوْ سِنِين مَعْدُودَة فَهُوَ جَائِز

وَالْآخر ان يستأجرها كل يَوْم بِكَذَا اَوْ كل شهر بِكَذَا فَهُوَ جَائِز أَيْضا فِي قَول ابي حنيفَة وَمُحَمّد

والاجارة تقع على يَوْم وَاحِد اَوْ على شهر وَاحِد اَوْ سنة وَاحِدَة فاذا مضى ذَلِك فَلِكُل وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا ان يفْسخ الاجارة

فان سكنها اكثر من ذَلِك فَعَلَيهِ لكل شهر وَلكُل يَوْم وَلكُل سنة بِحِسَاب ذَلِك وَهِي مَكْرُوهَة فِي قَول الشَّيْخ

الاختيار لتعليل المختار (2/ 51)

قَالَ: (وَالْمَنَافِعُ تُعْلَمُ بِذِكْرِ الْمُدَّةِ كَسُكْنَى الدَّارِ وَزَرْعِ الْأَرْضِينَ مُدَّةً مَعْلُومَةً) لِأَنَّ الْمُدَّةَ إِذَا عُلِمَتْ تَصِيرُ الْمَنَافِعُ مَعْلُومَةً.

الجوهرة النيرة على مختصر القدوري (1/ 260)

(قَوْلُهُ: وَالْمَنَافِعُ تَارَةً تَصِيرُ مَعْلُومَةً بِالْمُدَّةِ كَاسْتِئْجَارِ الدُّورِ لِلسُّكْنَى، وَالْأَرَضِينَ لِلزِّرَاعَةِ فَيَصِحُّ الْعَقْدُ عَلَى مُدَّةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ) ؛ لِأَنَّ مَنَافِعَ الدُّورِ، وَالْأَرْضِ لَا تَكُونُ مَعْلُومَةً إلَّا بِتَقْدِيرِ الْمُدَّةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْمُدَّةَ إذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ مَعْلُومَةً اخْتَلَفَ الْمُتَعَاقِدَانِ فِيهَا فَيَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا: شَهْرٌ، وَالْآخَرُ: أَكْثَرُ فَيَقَعُ التَّنَازُعُ.

(قَوْلُهُ: أَيَّ مُدَّةٍ كَانَتْ) يَعْنِي طَالَتْ، أَوْ قَصُرَتْ لِكَوْنِهَا مَعْلُومَةً وَهَذَا إذَا كَانَتْ مَمْلُوكَةً

[2]

فتح القدير للكمال ابن الهمام (7/ 379)

وَالظَّاهِرُ الَّذِي يَثْبُتُ بِالْغَالِبِ أَقْوَى مِنْ الظَّاهِرِ الَّذِي يَثْبُتُ بِظَاهِرِ حَالِ الْإِسْلَامِ. وَتَحْقِيقُهُ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَطَعْنَا بِغَلَبَةِ الْفِسْقِ فَقَدْ قَطَعْنَا بِأَنَّ أَكْثَرَ مَنْ الْتَزَمَ الْإِسْلَامَ لَمْ يَجْتَنِبْ مَحَارِمَهُ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مُجَرَّدُ الْتِزَامِ الْإِسْلَامِ مَظِنَّةَ الْعَدَالَةِ فَكَانَ الظَّاهِرُ الثَّابِتُ بِالْغَالِبِ بِلَا مُعَارِضٍ.

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This answer was collected from AnswersToFatawa.com, which no longer exists. It was established by Moulana Hafizurrahman Fatehmahomed. He graduated from Jamiatul Ilm Wal Huda, Blackburn, UK with a distinction in Alimiyyah degree. He thereafter traveled to Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah, Durban, South Africa, to train as a Mufti under Mufti Ebrahim Desai (rah) and Mufti Husain Kadodia.

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