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Am I allowed to get married to my cousin in Islam?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

i’m to get married to my father’s sister’s son…can i know whether this is allowed in islam?because in the verse numbers 23 & 24 of sura An Nisa cousins dont come under mahram category…and we are told all others are lawful…

but in the 50th verse of sura ahzab Allah says maternal uncle’s daughters are lawful & He says it’s only for the prophet.can you explain this to me with respect to these aayats?do i have to refuse this proposal?

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

The verses of Surah an-Nisa are mentioned hereunder:

حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا (23)وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُمْ مَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكُمْ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ فَمَا اسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْهُنَّ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَرَاضَيْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْفَرِيضَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا (24)

Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father’s sisters, your mother’s sisters, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, your [milk] mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives’ mothers, and your step-daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you have consummated with. But if you have not consummated with them, there is no sin upon you. And [also prohibited are] the wives of your sons who are from your [own] loins, and that you take [in marriage] two sisters simultaneously, except for what has already occurred. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful. (23) And [also prohibited to you are all] married women except those your right hands possess. [This is] the decree of Allah upon you. And lawful to you are [all others] beyond these, [provided] that you seek them [in marriage] with [gifts from] your property, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse. So for whatever you enjoy [of marriage] from them, give them their due compensation as an obligation. And there is no blame upon you for what you mutually agree to beyond the obligation. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise. (24)

The verse of Surah al-Ahzab is as follows:

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ اللَّاتِي آتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالَاتِكَ اللَّاتِي هَاجَرْنَ مَعَكَ وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ لِكَيْلَا يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ حَرَجٌ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا

O Prophet, indeed We have made lawful to you your wives to whom you have given their due compensation and those your right hand possesses from what Allah has returned to you [of captives] and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts who emigrated with you and a believing woman if she gifts herself to the Prophet [and] if the Prophet wishes to marry her, [this is] only for you, excluding the [other] believers. We certainly know what We have made obligatory upon them concerning their wives and those their right hands possess, [but this is for you] in order that there will be upon you no discomfort. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.

You were correct to observe that cousins do not fall under the mahram category as it is apparent from the verses of Surah an-Nisa. The verse of Surah al-Ahzab where it is mentioned “[this is] only for you, excluding the [other] believers refers to a woman who has gifted herself to the Prophet Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam. The Prophet Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam was permitted to marry such a woman even without any due compensation or mahr. This virtue was solely for the Prophet Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam. All other believers are obliged to pay the due compensation. This is what is meant by “[this is] only for you [i.e. the Prophet]. It is not referring to everything else mentioned in the verse as well.[1]

Hence, it is permissible for you to get married to your cousin and there is no need to refuse the proposal. The marriage will be in complete accordance to the dictates of Shari’ah.

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

AbdulMannan Nizami

Student Darul Iftaa
Chicago, IL, USA

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

www.daruliftaa.net

 


[1] وقوله تعالى: وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَها لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَها خالِصَةً لَكَ الآية، أي ويحل لك أيها النبي المرأة المؤمنة إن وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لَكَ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ إِنْ شِئْتَ ذَلِكَ. وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ تَوَالَى فِيهَا شَرْطَانِ،…

وقوله تعالى: خالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ أَيْ لَا تَحِلُّ الْمَوْهُوبَةُ لِغَيْرِكَ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِرَجُلٍ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى يُعْطِيَهَا شَيْئًا، وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَالشَّعْبِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، أَيْ إِنَّهَا إِذَا فَوَّضَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ نَفْسَهَا إِلَى رَجُلٍ فَإِنَّهُ مَتَى دَخَلَ بِهَا وَجَبَ عليه لها مَهْرُ مِثْلِهَا، كَمَا حَكَمَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي بَرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشَقٍ لَمَّا فَوَّضَتْ، فَحَكَمَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَدَاقِ مِثْلِهَا لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا، وَالْمَوْتُ وَالدُّخُولُ سَوَاءٌ فِي تَقْرِيرِ الْمَهْرِ وَثُبُوتِ مَهْرِ الْمِثْلِ فِي الْمُفَوَّضَةِ لِغَيْرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَمَّا هو عليه الصلاة والسلام فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ لِلْمُفَوَّضَةِ شَيْءٌ وَلَوْ دَخَلَ بِهَا، لِأَنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ صَدَاقٍ وَلَا وَلِيٍّ، وَلَا شُهُودٍ، كَمَا فِي قِصَّةِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَةُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: خالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ لِامْرَأَةٍ تَهَبُ نَفْسَهَا لِرَجُلٍ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا مَهْرٍ إِلَّا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.

[تفسير ابن كثير، سورة الاحزاب، الایة ۵۰، ج٦، ص۲۱۰، دار ابن جوزی]

 

 

الثَّامِنَةُ- قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: (وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً) عَطْفٌ عَلَى” أَحْلَلْنا”. الْمَعْنَى وَأَحْلَلْنَا لك امْرَأَةٍ تَهَبُ نَفْسَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ صَدَاقٍ…

الرَّابِعَةَ عَشْرَةَ- قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى” خالِصَةً لَكَ” أَيْ هِبَةُ النِّسَاءِ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ خَالِصَةً وَمَزِيَّةً لَا تَجُوزُ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ تَهَبَ الْمَرْأَةُ نَفْسَهَا لِرَجُلٍ. وَوَجْهُ الْخَاصِّيَّةِ أَنَّهَا لَوْ طَلَبَتْ فَرْضَ الْمَهْرِ قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا ذَلِكَ. فَأَمَّا فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا فَلِلْمُفَوِّضَةِ طَلَبُ الْمَهْرِ قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ، وَمَهْرُ الْمِثْلِ بعد الدخول.

الْخَامِسَةَ عَشْرَةَ- أَجْمَعَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَلَى أَنَّ هِبَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ نَفْسَهَا غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ «1»، وَأَنَّ هَذَا اللَّفْظَ مِنَ الْهِبَةِ لَا يَتِمُّ عَلَيْهِ نِكَاحٌ، إِلَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَصَاحِبَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: إِذَا وَهَبَتْ فَأَشْهَدَ هُوَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِمَهْرٍ فَذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَطِيَّةَ: فَلَيْسَ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ إِلَّا تَجْوِيزُ الْعِبَارَةِ وَلَفْظَةِ الْهِبَةِ، وَإِلَّا فَالْأَفْعَالُ الَّتِي اشْتَرَطُوهَا هِيَ أَفْعَالُ النِّكَاحِ بِعَيْنِهِ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَتْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ فِي” الْقَصَصِ” مُسْتَوْفَاةً . وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ.

السَّادِسَةَ عَشْرَةَ- خَصَّ اللَّهُ تعالى رسوله في أحكام الشريعة بمعان لَمْ يُشَارِكْهُ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ- فِي بَابِ الْفَرْضِ وَالتَّحْرِيمِ وَالتَّحْلِيلِ- مَزِيَّةً عَلَى الْأُمَّةِ وُهِبَتْ «3» لَهُ، وَمَرْتَبَةً خُصَّ بِهَا، فَفُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَشْيَاءُ مَا فُرِضَتْ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَحُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَفْعَالٌ لَمْ تُحَرَّمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَحُلِّلَتْ لَهُ أَشْيَاءُ لَمْ تُحَلَّلْ لَهُمْ، مِنْهَا مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ وَمُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ.

[تفسير القرطبي، سورة الاحزاب، الایة ۵۰، ج۷، ص۵۰۵، دار الحدیث]

This answer was collected from Askimam.org, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Ebrahim Desai from South Africa.

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