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How should the missed Rakaats in Jamaat be completed?

Answered as per Hanafi Fiqh by Askimam.org

If I join a jamaat salat in the fourth rakah (e.g in Isha), how many more rakats do I need to complete to make my salat valid? Also, how many times will I complete the sitting position reading Tashahhud? Please can you outline each step.

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

1) A Masbooq (person who has missed any Rakaat and then joined the Imam) should continue the Salah with the Imam to the end. The Masbooq should recite the Tashahhud (Attahiyyaat) only. Once the Imam turns to say he second Salaam, the Masbooq should stand up and complete the missed number of Rakaats.[1]

2) If the Masbooq has missed two Rakaats in Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr or Isha, he should complete both the Rakaats by reciting Surah Faatiha and another Surah in both the Rakaats. In Maghrib Salah, the Masbooq should sit for Tasahood after the first Rakaat.
3) If three Rakaats were missed, or one joined in the fourth rakaat,( e.g. in Isha), the Masbooq should stand up and read Surah Faatiha and a Surah in the first Rakaat. After Sajdah, before standing for the second Rakaat he has to make Qa’adah (sit down) and read Tashahhud, then stand for the second Rakaat. In the second Rakaat, he should recite Surah Faatiha and a Surah. Complete the second Rakaat without sitting for Tashahhud then in the third Rakaat, read only Surah Faatiha and complete the Salah.

Note: in the first Rakaat, the Masbooq will recite the Thanaa. If one reaches the Imam after he came up from Ruku’, the Rakaat would be counted as missed.

A simple rule for completing missed Rakaats, when you will stand up (after the Imaam make his second Salaam), you will first offer those Rakaats in which there is Surah Faatiha and a Surah, then those which there is only Surah Faatiha. [2]

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Arshad Ali

Student Darul Iftaa
Trinidad

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

http://www.daruliftaa.net/


[1] البناية شرح الهداية (2/ 290)

المسبوق يتابع الإمام في التشهد إلى قوله: عبده ورسوله بلا خلاف

[2] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (1/ 462)

ثم إذا سلم يقضي ما فاته وهو أول صلاته إلا من حيث القعدات فقد وجب على المسبوق عكس الترتيب

الفتاوى الهندية – ط. دار الفكر (1/ 91)

 وَمِنْهَا أَنَّهُ يَقْضِي أَوَّلَ صَلَاتِهِ في حَقِّ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَآخِرَهَا في حَقِّ التَّشَهُّدِ حتى لو أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً من الْمَغْرِبِ قَضَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَفَصَلَ بِقَعْدَةٍ فَيَكُونُ بِثَلَاثِ قَعَدَاتٍ وَقَرَأَ في كُلٍّ فَاتِحَةً وَسُورَةً وَلَوْ تَرَكَ الْقِرَاءَةَ في إحْدَاهُمَا تَفْسُدُ وَلَوْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً من الرُّبَاعِيَّةِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ رَكْعَةً يَقْرَأُ فيها الْفَاتِحَةَ وَالسُّورَةَ وَيَتَشَهَّدُ وَيَقْضِي رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى كَذَلِكَ وَلَا يَتَشَهَّدُ وفي الثَّالِثَةِ بِالْخِيَارِ وَالْقِرَاءَةُ أَفْضَلُ هَكَذَا في الْخُلَاصَةِ وَلَوْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَضَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ بِقِرَاءَةٍ وَلَوْ تَرَكَ في إحْدَاهُمَا فَسَدَتْ

المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (2/ 209)

يجب أن يعلم أن ما يقضي المسبوق أول صلاته حكماً، وآخر صلاته حقيقة؛ لأن ما أدرك مع الإمام أول صلاته حقيقة، وآخر صلاته حكماً من حيث إن الأول اسم لفرد سابق يكون ما أدرك مع الإمام أولاً في حقه حقيقة، ومن حيث إنه آخر في حق الإمام

This answer was collected from Askimam.org, which is operated under the supervision of Mufti Ebrahim Desai from South Africa.

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